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Education Psychology > Chap. 1-4 > Flashcards

Chap. 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

____ is the scientific study of processes of change and stability from conception through adolescence.

A

Child Development

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2
Q

Monique first learns to crawl and then learns to walk. This is an example of ____ development.

A

Physical

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3
Q

William can now say three times as many words as he used to. This is an example of _____ development.

A

Cognitive

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4
Q

A child’s personality development can also be referred to as _____ development.

A

psychosocial

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5
Q

A combination of economic and social factors contribute to _____.

A

socioeconomic status

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6
Q

A household unit made up of parents and their natural or adopted children is known as a(n) ______.

A

nuclear family

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7
Q

An event that is experienced in a similar way for most people in a group is ______.

A

normative influences

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8
Q

A specific time when a given event, or its absence, has the greatest impact on development is called a(n) ______.

A

critical period

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9
Q

A group of people who share the same experience, such as growing up at the same time and the same place, is called a(n) ______.

A

cohort

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10
Q

Both living in poverty and experiencing a lack of exposure to appropriate role models are considered ______.

A

risk factors

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11
Q

A(n) _____ is a coherent set of logically related concepts that seeks to organize, explain, and predict data.

A

theory

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12
Q

_____ is an eight-stage theory involving a crisis and occurring over the lifespan.

A

Psychosocial Development

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13
Q

According to ______ theory, behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models.

A

Social Learning

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14
Q

The ______ perspective focuses on biological and evolutionary bases of behavior.

A

evolutionary/sociobiological

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15
Q

In a _____ observation, all participants are observed in the same situation, under controlled conditions.

A

laboratory

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16
Q

If one were investigating to see if there was a statistical relationship between variables, the best type of study would be a ____ study.

A

correlation

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17
Q

A rigorously controlled, replicable procedure in which the researcher manipulates variables to assess the effect of one on the other is called a(n) _____.

A

experiment

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18
Q

In an experiment, the condition over which the researcher has direct control is the _____ variable.

A

independent

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19
Q

A design that assesses changes in a sample over time is the _____ study.

A

longitudinal

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20
Q

A one-celled organism resulting from fertilization is called a _____.

A

Zygote

21
Q

Twins conceived by the union of two different ova with two different sperm are called _____ twins.

A

dizygotic

22
Q

Small segments of DNA located in definite positions on particular chromosomes are called _____.

A

genes

23
Q

______ means that an organism possesses two identical alleles for a trait

A

Homozygous

24
Q

____ inheritance is when a child receives contradictory alleles and only one is expressed.

A

Dominant

25
Q

______ is the observable characteristics of a person.

A

Phenotype

26
Q

A pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring is called ______.

A

sex-linked inheritance

27
Q

______ is the quantitative study of relative heredity and environmental influences.

A

Behavioral genetics

28
Q

_____ is a statistical estimate of the contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific trait within a given population.

A

Heritability

29
Q

_______ is the potential variability in the expression of a hereditary trait.

A

Reaction Range

30
Q

The principle that development proceeds with the upper parts of the body developing before the lower parts is called the ______.

A

cephalocaudal principle

31
Q

The first two weeks of prenatal development is called the ____ stage.

A

germinal

32
Q

The stage of gestation that is characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs is called the _____ stage

A

embryonic

33
Q

The ____ stage is the final stage of gestation.

A

fetal

34
Q

Another term for miscarriage is _____.

A

spontaneous abortion

35
Q

Amniocentesis and sonogram are forms of _____.

A

prenatal assessment

36
Q

A birth defect-producing substance is called a _____.

A

teratogen

37
Q

A combination of mental, motor, and developmental abnormalities resulting from a mother consuming alcohol is called ______.

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

38
Q

High-frequency sound waves are used specifically with _____.

A

ultrasounds

39
Q

A three-month period of a pregnancy is called a _____.

A

trimester

40
Q

The soft spot on the top of the infant’s head is called the _____.

A

fontanels

41
Q

_____ means “without oxygen.”

A

anoxia

42
Q

The first test a newborn receives is known as the _____.

A

Apgar Scale

43
Q

_____ helps to identify a fetus whose heart rate is slowing.

A

Electronic fetal monitoring

44
Q

When a vaginal birth cannot be accomplished, a _____ can save an infant’s life.

A

cesarean delivery

45
Q

A baby who is less than a month old is called a _____.

A

neonate

46
Q

When parents take classes, read books, or study about having a baby before the baby is born, they are planning to experience ______.

A

natural or prepared childbirth

47
Q

A newborn baby’s skin is slightly yellowish; this baby has ______.

A

neonatal jaundice

48
Q

A _____ baby weighs less than 5.5 pounds.

A

low-birth-weight

49
Q

A baby born before 37 full weeks of prenatal development is _____.

A

preterm

Education Psychology (1 decks)

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