chap 1 Flashcards
Describe the concept of ‘Zeitgeist’ in the
context of history.
Zeitgeist refers to the spirit of the time,
indicating how the cultural, social, and
intellectual climate of a particular period
influences decisions and trends.
Explain the difference between ‘internal’ and
‘external’ history in psychology.
Internal history focuses on the development
of psychological theories and practices, while
external history considers the socio-cultural,
political, and economic contexts that
influence psychology.
Define ‘Presentism’ in historical study.
Presentism is the practice of interpreting past
events through the lens of contemporary
values and perspectives.
How does ‘Historicism’ differ from
Presentism?
Historicism involves placing past events
within their actual social and intellectual
context, rather than viewing them through
modern perspectives.
Discuss the implications of bias in the study
of history.
Bias in history can lead to a selective and
subjective understanding of events, affecting
how history is recorded and interpreted.
What challenges arise from the unavailability
of historical documents, such as Freud’s, until
the 21st century?
The unavailability of historical documents can
hinder a complete understanding of historical
events and theories, potentially leading to
gaps in knowledge and interpretation.
Explain the significance of historical facts
being subject to change.
The subjectivity and selectivity of historical
facts mean that our understanding of history
can evolve as new evidence or perspectives
emerge.
Describe the concept of quasi-chronologies in
the history of psychology.
Quasi-chronologies refer to the examination
of one trend in psychology followed by a
different trend, highlighting the evolution of
ideas over time.
Explain the Great Schools of Psychology.
The Great Schools of Psychology include
Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism,
Gestalt Psychology, Psychoanalysis,
Humanistic Psychology, and the Cognitive
Movement, each representing distinct
approaches to understanding human behavior
and mental processes.
Define personal or professional
autobiographies in the context of
psychology’s history.
Personal or professional autobiographies in
psychology provide insights into the lives and
thoughts of influential psychologists, offering
a narrative of their contributions and
experiences in the field.
Identify major figures in the history of
psychology.
Major figures in the history of psychology
include influential theorists and practitioners
such as Sigmund Freud, B.F . Skinner, Carl
Rogers, and Wilhelm Wundt, each
contributing significantly to the development
of psychological theories.
Discuss the importance of the history of
organizations in psychology.
The history of organizations in psychology
examines the development and impact of
various psychological associations and
institutions, which have shaped the
profession and practice of psychology.
How has psychological research evolved over time?
The history of psychological research reflects
changes in methodologies, theories, and
areas of focus, illustrating the progression
from early introspective methods to
contemporary empirical approaches.
Explain the importance of studying the
history of psychology.
Studying the history of psychology helps
avoid mistakes, indicates original ideas and
lines of development, and shows how the
influence of the past shapes the present.
Describe the origins of modern psychology
Modern psychology is one of the oldest
disciplines, with issues first raised in
philosophy and theology, and can be traced
back to the 5th century B.C. with figures like
Plato and Aristotle.
How does the history of psychology influence current practices?
The history of psychology influences current
practices by providing insights into past
mistakes, foundational ideas, and the
evolution of psychological theories.
Define the role of philosophy and theology in the development of psychology.
Philosophy and theology played a crucial role in the development of psychology by raising fundamental questions about the mind and behavior that laid the ground-work for psychological inquiry.
Do historical figures like Plato and Aristotle contribute to modern psychology?
Yes, historical figures like Plato and Aristotle
contribute to modern psychology by
introducing key concepts and questions that
continue to influence psychological thought
and research.
