CHAP 1 Flashcards
“a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom” (American Psychological Association [APA])
Mental Illness
a taxonomy published by APA and is used by all mental health professionals. It describes allmental disorders according tospecific diagnostic criteria.
Published by the American Psychiatric Association
DSM 5
Period of Enlightenment
WILLIAM TUKE
planned a private facility that would ensure moral treatment for the mentally ill
(1796) York Retreat opened for patients
ASYLUM = protection
= social support
= sanctuary for stresses
in life
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
one of the first major reformers in the US
inspired by Tuke’s work
she proposed to alleviate suffering with adequate shelter, nutritious food and warm clothing
Benchmark I
PERIOD OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY
Late 1800s
from sanctuary to treatment
EMIL KRAEPELIN
founder of contemporary scientific psychiatry, as well as of psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics
Kraepelin is specifically credited with the classification of what was previously considered to be a unitary concept of psychosis into two distinct forms:
Manic depression dementia praecox
EUGENE BLEULER
coined the term
schizophrenia
coined the Latin
term autismus
SIGMUND SCHLOMO FREUD
theory of motivation
catharsis
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Benchmark II
Benchmark IV
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
1946 = President Truman signs the National Mental Health Act
1947 = Hill Burton Act: Allocated funds for general hospitals to develop psychiatric units
1949 = National Institute of Mental Health established
1963 = Community Mental Health Centers Act when Deinstitutionalization began
1990s
a steep increase in brain research occurred
congressional mandate
if we can understand the brain, we can help millions of people suffering from mental disorders
an increase in funding for brain research, leading to new treatment strategies: has increased our understanding of mental disorders
Benchmark IV
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
coined the term
schizophrenia
coined the Latin
term autismus
EUGENE BLEULER
