chap 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
what’s the difference between marine biology and oceanography ?
marine bio is the study of organisms that life in the sea and their interactions with their environment / each other
where has life arisen?
the sea
how much of the worlds oxygen is provided by the ocean?
60%-80%
how much worth ($) do we extract from the oceans annually?
20 trillion globally
how do the oceans interact with our climate?
the ocean regulates our climate (ocean temps change slowly bcs of density of the water, land closer to oceans are more stable annually)
how can marine organisms impact us directly?
food resources, jelly fish stings on the beach, red tide
how long have humans been utilizing oceans?
160,000+ years
what about the polynesians and the greeks?
early explorations were made by the phonecians (black sea, red sea, indian ocean, eastern atlantic) , greeks had a great understanding of their near shore enviro ( mediterranean sea)
who discovered vinland , what was it?
leif erickson, north america (est a colony for two years)
what about columbus , magellan, and cook?
columbus - rediscovered the new world (north america) for europeans
magellan - first man to sail around the entire globe (not really , died on the way around)
cook - first europeans to view arctic ice fields, and land on hawaii/tahiti/other pacific islands. made detailed maps (cartography)
what did charles darwin do? what was his specialization?
specialization - barnacles
sailed on HMS beagle , primary goal was to map coastlines, took many detailed descriptions / notes of the organisms he saw. (natural selection & evolution)
why was the challenger expedition important?
it was the first voyage dedicated to marine research , hired scientist on board , discovered thousands of marine species
who had the first national oceanographic institute?
monaco
what are the two most important marine institutions in USA?
Woods Hole Lab (MA) Scripps Institute (CA)
what is remote sensing?
satellites used to view large areas of the ocean (surface only)
what is sonar?
used to map the sea floor, developed during WII
What is SCUBA?
used for human expiration of the ocean enviro (allows humans to breathe underwater for longer than they’re supposed to)
what are ROVs?
remotely operated vehicles, allows for exploration of marine eviro when SCUBA isn’t available
what is the scientific method? why is it necessary? what are its steps?
1) systematic way of testing ideas (hypothesis , starts with observation)
2) necessary to disprove hypothesis
3) observe , hypothesis , experiment (design), run experiment, record data, compare results, draw conclusion
what are the characteristics of a hypothesis?
cannot be proven, based off of observation, can be answered quantifiably (#s), testable statement
what are considerations for experiments?
must be repeatable, maintain constant control variables, external factors (if studying how water temp effects an organism, other factors must be kept the same like amount of food provided / sunlight / salinity , etc.)
what’s an induction?
generalized statements made AFTER the overs ari on of a repeated phenomena
what’s a deduction?
statement made by applying logical reasoning to inductions
how is the scientific method limited?
not all questions can be answered , cannot provide answers on values/beliefs/emotions
