chap 1

Question 1

what’s the difference between marine biology and oceanography ?

Answer 1

marine bio is the study of organisms that life in the sea and their interactions with their environment / each other

Question 2

where has life arisen?

Answer 2

the sea

Question 3

how much of the worlds oxygen is provided by the ocean?

Answer 3

60%-80%

Question 4

how much worth ($) do we extract from the oceans annually?

Answer 4

20 trillion globally

Question 5

how do the oceans interact with our climate?

Answer 5

the ocean regulates our climate (ocean temps change slowly bcs of density of the water, land closer to oceans are more stable annually)

Question 6

how can marine organisms impact us directly?

Answer 6

food resources, jelly fish stings on the beach, red tide

Question 7

how long have humans been utilizing oceans?

Answer 7

160,000+ years

Question 8

what about the polynesians and the greeks?

Answer 8

early explorations were made by the phonecians (black sea, red sea, indian ocean, eastern atlantic) , greeks had a great understanding of their near shore enviro ( mediterranean sea)

Question 9

who discovered vinland , what was it?

Answer 9

leif erickson, north america (est a colony for two years)

Question 10

what about columbus , magellan, and cook?

Answer 10

columbus - rediscovered the new world (north america) for europeans
magellan - first man to sail around the entire globe (not really , died on the way around)
cook - first europeans to view arctic ice fields, and land on hawaii/tahiti/other pacific islands. made detailed maps (cartography)

Question 11

what did charles darwin do? what was his specialization?

Answer 11

specialization - barnacles
sailed on HMS beagle , primary goal was to map coastlines, took many detailed descriptions / notes of the organisms he saw. (natural selection & evolution)

Question 12

why was the challenger expedition important?

Answer 12

it was the first voyage dedicated to marine research , hired scientist on board , discovered thousands of marine species

Question 13

who had the first national oceanographic institute?

Answer 13

monaco

Question 14

what are the two most important marine institutions in USA?

Answer 14

Woods Hole Lab (MA)
Scripps Institute (CA)

Question 15

what is remote sensing?

Answer 15

satellites used to view large areas of the ocean (surface only)

Question 16

what is sonar?

Answer 16

used to map the sea floor, developed during WII

Question 17

What is SCUBA?

Answer 17

used for human expiration of the ocean enviro (allows humans to breathe underwater for longer than they’re supposed to)

Question 18

what are ROVs?

Answer 18

remotely operated vehicles, allows for exploration of marine eviro when SCUBA isn’t available

Question 19

what is the scientific method? why is it necessary? what are its steps?

Answer 19

1) systematic way of testing ideas (hypothesis , starts with observation)
2) necessary to disprove hypothesis
3) observe , hypothesis , experiment (design), run experiment, record data, compare results, draw conclusion

Question 20

what are the characteristics of a hypothesis?

Answer 20

cannot be proven, based off of observation, can be answered quantifiably (#s), testable statement

Question 21

what are considerations for experiments?

Answer 21

must be repeatable, maintain constant control variables, external factors (if studying how water temp effects an organism, other factors must be kept the same like amount of food provided / sunlight / salinity , etc.)

Question 22

what’s an induction?

Answer 22

generalized statements made AFTER the overs ari on of a repeated phenomena

Question 23

what’s a deduction?

Answer 23

statement made by applying logical reasoning to inductions

Question 24

how is the scientific method limited?

Answer 24

not all questions can be answered , cannot provide answers on values/beliefs/emotions