Chap 1 Flashcards by Tracy Tran

Psychology is the study of:

Mind and Behavior

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A stimulus refers to:

A sensory input from the environment

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Sigmund Freud believed that unconscious mental processes help shape emotions, feeling, thoughts, and behaviors. This theory is now known as:

Psychoanalytic Theory

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A consequence that helps determine in an organism will perform the same act again in the future is a principle of;

Reinforcement

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The scientific study of mental processes such as perception, thought, and reasoning is;

Cognitive Psychology

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The word Psychology comes from Ancient Greece. “Psych” meaning _____ and “ology” meaning _____

Soul; To study

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The branch of Psychology which focuses on positive human achievement and the ability for people to be the best they can be is;

Humanistic Psychology

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The first person to propose the idea that the mind and brain were different was;

René Descartes

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The notion that the only was to achieve accurate knowledge is through direct observation is known as;

Empiricism

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One of the first people to introduce Psychology in America in the 1800s.

William James

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A hypothetical explanation for why something occurs is known as a;

Theory

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_____ refers to the conceptual relation of a measurement and property, whereas _____ refers to tendency for the measurement to produce the same results if measured again

Validity; Reliability

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You have been called in to perform an experiment. During your trial, you act in ways you think are appropriate based on the setting of your experiment. This is an example of

Demand Characteristics

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And Electromyograph (EMG) is a device that

Measures muscle contractions beneath the skin

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Hypothetically; if the more siblings people have and the lower their GPA is (hypothetically speaking of course!) is an example of what correlation;

Negative Correlation

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“a study of mind and soul.”

Psychology

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According to this Philosopher “Character and intelligence are inborn and inherited.”

Plato

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He repute the concept of inborn knowledge for him “the mind is an empty slate.”

Aristotle

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Tell me who your friends are and I will till you who you are,” is anchored on this philosophical concept.

Empericism

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Psychology become a scientific field on this year.

1879

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He is considered as the father of Psychology.

Aristotle

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He is recognize as the father of modern scientific psychology.

Wilhelm Wundt

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It attempts to study the structure of conscious experience through the method of introspection.

Structuralism

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It deals with the function of behavior on how a person adapts to its environment.

Functionalism

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give me a dozen infant well form and in my own environment I will determine who among them will become doctor, lawyer, soldier or even beggar".

John B. Watson

Author of Gestalt psychology

Max Wertheimer

A specialization of psychology that investigates changes in human behavior in accordance with one’s chronological age across an entire lifespan.

Developmental Psychology

The behaviorist who utilized reinforcers in shaping behaviors of pigeons, mice and humans.

BF Skinner

Carl Rogers theory that “Human Beings are Basically Good” describes the human being’s basic nature which is to:

Grow and survive

Author of the Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslow

Methods used by Wilhelm Wundt in breaking down the content’s of a persons’ conscious experience

Introspection

The psychologist who stated that human beings are not controlled primarily by rational and conscious processes, but rather by drives and urges hidden in the unconscious.

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following research methods would be more appropriate in gathering information about the differences of personality between eastern and western children?

ross cultural comparison

The psychologist who brought Structuralism to the United States of America

Edward B. Tichener

The body fluid responsible for a person’s slow response

Yellow Bile

A German who is considered to be the “father of modern psychology”?

Wilhelm Wundt

It applies to psychological concepts and methods to optimize human potential in the workplace.

industrial and organizational psychology

it refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings.

Comparative Psychology

It is guided by one’s self-image, subjective perception of the world and by needs for personal growth.

Humanistic

A Psychology which is based upon the idea that we experience things as unified wholes.

Gestalt

He is the father of Psychology.

Aristotle

In his philosophy he suggests that what is to be considered a good act is not good because Gods say it is, but is good because it is useful to us in our efforts to be better and happier people.

Socrates

He believed strongly that ideas should be judged in terms of their practical consequences for human conduct.

William James

It is the scientific study of the biological substrates of behavior and mental states.

Biological Psychology

An idealistic and rationalistic who’s thought is the theory of “ideas” or “forms”.

Plato

It is a scientific discipline that studies mental processes and behavior in humans and other animals.

Psychology

Shaped and controlled by one’s environment, it emphasizes the study of behavior.

Behaviorism

It is an approach to the entire discipline that views human nature as a set of evolved psychological adaptations to recurring problems in the ancestral environment.

Evoluntary psy

Human behavior can be understood in terms of mental processing of information.

Cognitivism

What is classical conditioning?

Two stimuli; one response, one consequence

In Pavlov's experiments, dogs learned to salivate in response to a tone. The tone is, therefore, a(an)

Conditioned stimuli

Which scientists performed the study on Little Albert?

Watson and Rayner

What are the processes of Classical Conditioning?

Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination

Learning from the results of your behavior.

Operant conditioning

Primary reinforcers can be

Kisses, hugs, food

WAVES OF PSYCHOLOGY

Introspection. GEstalt, Psychology, ECLECTIC, BEHAVIORISM,

What is Nativism (Nature)

ativism is the theory that knowledge is innate and inborn. Our biological endowment makes up who we are.

What is Nativism (Nature)?

Nativism is the theory that knowledge is innate and inborn. Our biological endowment makes up who we are. Plato ).

What is Empiricism (Nurture)?

Empiricism is the idea that we gain knowledge through experience and surroundings. Our environment makes up who we are.

Aristotle

He believes in philosophical empiricism which states that knowledge is gained through experience.

Plato

He believes in the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate and inborn (nativism/nature

Wilhelm Wundt

He believes in the idea of structuralism. Structuralism is when you analyze the brain by breaking it down to its main components.

William James

He believes in the idea of functionalism. Functionalism is when you see how someone functions or adapts to new aspects in their environment.

John Watson

He believed that psychology and the mind was not able to be studied through scientific inquiry. Instead, he was a behaviorist who focused more so the actions of humans to explain their train of thought.

B.F. Skinner

He was another behaviorist that believed in Pavlov's experiments and Watson's theories. He studied how behavior was learned according to circumstance.

Sigmund Freud

He came up with psychoanalytic theory which is very much so used today. Psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious mind and how it affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions.

Emergence of Cognitive Psychology

It became a thing when Max Wertheimer began to study illusions and errors when it came to the mind. He came up with the Gestalt theory that states that we rather perceive the "sum" over the "parts". Kurt Lewin believed that we saw the world as we saw it and not at all how it actually was. The invention of computers made most psychologists ignore this and see psychology objectively.

Operational Definition

It is the description of a property in concrete, measurable terms. For example, you can operationally define happiness as the amount of times that someone smiles.