Chaoter 7 Flashcards
Define coercion
Using threats or force to make someone do something against their will
What strategy did Mussolini use to consolidate power ?
“Compromise and coercion”
Who was in Mussolini’s co-alition ?
Mainly liberals and ppi ministers
What roles did Mussolini adopt himself ?
He was prime minister, foreign minister and the interior minister
When did he obtain an emergency decree of powers (not acerbo)
November 1922
How long did the emergency powers last ?
12 months
Were the emergency laws supported ?
306 -yes
116 - no
When was he fascist grand council set up ?
December 1922
How many members were in the fascist grand council ?
22
What was the point in the fascist grand council ?
- allowed the process to look democratic.
- Mussolini was able to control the PNF as he controlled agenda and membership
What was the MVSN ?
Voluntary Fascist Militia for National Security
What was the MVSN ?
- private army funded for by the state
- took an oath to Mussolini
- challenged the activism of PNF intransigents
How many were in the MVSN ?
30,000
What were the two groups in the PNF ?
Intransigents and the revisionists
Who were he intransigents ?
Led by Roberts farinacci they wanted complete fascist control over the state and preferred “squadristi fascism”
Who were the revisionists ?
Led by Dino Grandi they wanted to disarm the squads , and carry out a legal peaceful revolution
Who proposed the Acerbo Law and when ?
Giacomo Acerbo in June 1923
What did the Acerbo Law involve ?
The leading party should get 2/3 of the seats providing they gained over 25% of the vote. The rest would be divided proportionally
When was the Acerbo Law passed and to how many votes
July 1923
235-yes
139- no
What was the turnout in the 1924 election ?
7.5 million 2/3
How did the fascists do in the 1924 election ?
65% of the vote
374/535 seats
How did the opposition do in the 1924 election ?
2.5 million votes
