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Chapter 18: Microbiology > Chanpter 18: Microbiology > Flashcards

Chanpter 18: Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

H1N1

A

form of swine influenza virus

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2
Q

herpesvirus

A

virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles, and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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3
Q

latent

A

hidden, present but not realized

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4
Q

microbiology

A

study of microorganisms

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5
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development

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6
Q

aerobes (AYR-oebz)

A

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow

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7
Q

anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz)

A

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

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7
Q

anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz)

A

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

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8
Q

bacilli (singular, bacillus)

A

Rod-shaped bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other diseases

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9
Q

Candida

A

a yeast commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract and sometimes in the skin

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10
Q

chancre

A

a painless ulcerating sore

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11
Q

cocci (singular, coccus)

A

Spherical bacterial cells that reproduce by dividing into two

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12
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob (KROITS-felt YAH-koeb) disease

A

Rare chronic brain disease with onset in middle to late life (40-60 years)

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13
Q

Ebola

A

rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside the body

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14
Q

endospores

A

resistant, dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria that can withstand adverse conditions.

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15
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

organisms that can grow with or without oxygen

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16
Q

fungi (singular, fungus)

A

plants, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds that lack chlorophyll

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17
Q

fungi (singular, fungus)

A

plants, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds that lack chlorophyll

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18
Q

Gram negative

A

classification of bacteria that do not hold a dye stain under a microscope

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19
Q

Gram positive

A

classification of bacteria that hold a dye stain and appear dark purple under a microscope

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20
Q

Gram’s stain

A

four-step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram and used to separate bacteria into groups

21
Q

Gram variable

A

classification of bacteria that are not consistently stained

22
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

type of staph infection that is resistant to several common antibiotics

23
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

type of staph infection that is resistant to several common antibiotics

24
Q

nonpathogenic (non-path-oe-JEN-ik)

A

pertaining to microorganisms that do not produce disease

25
Q

oral candidiasis (kan-di-DYE-uh-sis)

A

Candida yeast infection of the oral mucosa

26
Q

pandemic (pan-DEM-ik)

A

condition that occurs throughout the people of a country or the world

27
Q

pathogens (PATH-uh-jenz)

A

disease-producing microorganisms

28
Q

percutaneous (pur-kyoo-TAY-nee-us)

A

through the skin, such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite

29
Q

Petri plate

A

small, flat dish made of thin glass or plastic that contains sterile solid medium for the culture of microorganisms; also called Petri dish

30
Q

prions (PRYE-ons)

A

infectious particles of proteins that lack nucleic acids

31
Q

protozoa (proe-toe-ZOE-uh)

A

single-celled microscopic animals without a rigid cell wall

32
Q

provirus

A

virus that is hidden during the latency period

33
Q

spirochetes

A

spiral-shaped bacteria

34
Q

staphylococci

A

cocci that form irregular groups or clusters

35
Q

streptococci

A

cocci that form chains as they divide

36
Q

tyndallization (tin-duhl-i-ZAY-shun)

A

Intermittent, or fractional, sterilization

37
Q

virulent (VIR-yoo-lent)

A

capable of causing serious disease

38
Q

viruses

A

ultramicroscopic infectious agents that contain DNA or RNA

39
Q

Zika

A

a virus that is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.

40
Q

the symptoms of an infection of West Nile virus

A

It affects a person’s nervous system, causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, aches, and sometimes rash.

41
Q

symptoms of influenza

A

Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches (no intestinal symptoms)

42
Q

How is influenza spread?

A

airborne droplets

43
Q

Name the disease that is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide

A

Tuberculosis, which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.

44
Q

Identify the bacterium discovered during an American Legion convention

A

The Legionella pneumophila bacterium

45
Q

Explain how tetanus can be prevented

A

The disease can be prevented by the administration of a vaccine; however, immunity must be kept current through booster doses

46
Q

The Legionella pneumophila bacterium’s mode of transmission

A

No person-to-person transmission is involved. L. pneumophila bacteria have been found to thrive in lakes, creeks, hot tubs, spas, air conditioning systems, shower heads, water distillation systems and the biofilm found in dental unit waterlines

47
Q

First stage of syphilis

A

A lession forms called chancre that resembles herpes but crusting is darker. Painless sore.

48
Q

Second stage of syphilis

A

involves the appearance of a rash all over the body, including palms and feet

49
Q

third stage of syphilis

A

Bacteria attack internal parts of the body

50
Q

Identify the method of transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

is a common bacterium that is carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people

51
Q

explain the best methods to prevent the spread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

This infection is common in places where people are in close contact, including schools, dormitories, military barracks, and daycare facilities

Chapter 18: Microbiology (2 decks)

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