Chanpter 18: Microbiology Flashcards by Keyara French

H1N1

form of swine influenza virus

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herpesvirus

virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles, and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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latent

hidden, present but not realized

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microbiology

study of microorganisms

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microcephaly

abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development

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aerobes (AYR-oebz)

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow

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anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz)

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

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anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz)

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

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bacilli (singular, bacillus)

Rod-shaped bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other diseases

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Candida

a yeast commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract and sometimes in the skin

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chancre

a painless ulcerating sore

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cocci (singular, coccus)

Spherical bacterial cells that reproduce by dividing into two

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob (KROITS-felt YAH-koeb) disease

Rare chronic brain disease with onset in middle to late life (40-60 years)

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Ebola

rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside the body

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endospores

resistant, dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria that can withstand adverse conditions.

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facultative anaerobes

organisms that can grow with or without oxygen

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fungi (singular, fungus)

plants, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds that lack chlorophyll

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fungi (singular, fungus)

plants, such as mushrooms, yeasts, and molds that lack chlorophyll

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Gram negative

classification of bacteria that do not hold a dye stain under a microscope

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Gram positive

classification of bacteria that hold a dye stain and appear dark purple under a microscope

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Gram’s stain

four-step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram and used to separate bacteria into groups

Gram variable

classification of bacteria that are not consistently stained

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

type of staph infection that is resistant to several common antibiotics

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

type of staph infection that is resistant to several common antibiotics

nonpathogenic (non-path-oe-JEN-ik)

pertaining to microorganisms that do not produce disease

oral candidiasis (kan-di-DYE-uh-sis)

Candida yeast infection of the oral mucosa

pandemic (pan-DEM-ik)

condition that occurs throughout the people of a country or the world

pathogens (PATH-uh-jenz)

disease-producing microorganisms

percutaneous (pur-kyoo-TAY-nee-us)

through the skin, such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite

Petri plate

small, flat dish made of thin glass or plastic that contains sterile solid medium for the culture of microorganisms; also called Petri dish

prions (PRYE-ons)

infectious particles of proteins that lack nucleic acids

protozoa (proe-toe-ZOE-uh)

single-celled microscopic animals without a rigid cell wall

provirus

virus that is hidden during the latency period

spirochetes

spiral-shaped bacteria

staphylococci

cocci that form irregular groups or clusters

streptococci

cocci that form chains as they divide

tyndallization (tin-duhl-i-ZAY-shun)

Intermittent, or fractional, sterilization

virulent (VIR-yoo-lent)

capable of causing serious disease

viruses

ultramicroscopic infectious agents that contain DNA or RNA

Zika

a virus that is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.

the symptoms of an infection of West Nile virus

It affects a person's nervous system, causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, aches, and sometimes rash.

symptoms of influenza

Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches (no intestinal symptoms)

How is influenza spread?

airborne droplets

Name the disease that is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide

Tuberculosis, which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.

Identify the bacterium discovered during an American Legion convention

The Legionella pneumophila bacterium

Explain how tetanus can be prevented

The disease can be prevented by the administration of a vaccine; however, immunity must be kept current through booster doses

The Legionella pneumophila bacterium's mode of transmission

No person-to-person transmission is involved. L. pneumophila bacteria have been found to thrive in lakes, creeks, hot tubs, spas, air conditioning systems, shower heads, water distillation systems and the biofilm found in dental unit waterlines

First stage of syphilis

A lession forms called chancre that resembles herpes but crusting is darker. Painless sore.

Second stage of syphilis

involves the appearance of a rash all over the body, including palms and feet

third stage of syphilis

Bacteria attack internal parts of the body

Identify the method of transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

is a common bacterium that is carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people

explain the best methods to prevent the spread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

This infection is common in places where people are in close contact, including schools, dormitories, military barracks, and daycare facilities