Chaning cities info

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Question 2

What are the two main causes of urbanisation?

Answer 2

Rural-urban migration and natural increase.

Question 3

Name two impacts of rapid urbanisation.

Answer 3

Pressure on housing and infrastructure; environmental problems like air pollution.

Question 4

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 4

The movement of people from city centers to suburbs.

Question 5

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 5

The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas.

Question 6

What is re-urbanisation?

Answer 6

The movement of people back into urban areas after regeneration.

Question 7

Define deindustrialisation.

Answer 7

The decline of manufacturing industries in urban areas, leading to unemployment.

Question 8

What is urban regeneration?

Answer 8

Redevelopment of urban areas to improve environments, housing, and economy.

Question 9

What is the CBD in urban areas?

Answer 9

The Central Business District—commercial center with high land values.

Question 10

What factors affect urban land use patterns?

Answer 10

Accessibility, transport links, historical development, and planning policies.

Question 11

How can the function of a city change over time?

Answer 11

From industrial economies to service and technology-focused economies.

Question 12

What is globalisation?

Answer 12

The increasing connections between cities worldwide through trade, investment, and communication.

Question 13

What is a common impact of deindustrialisation?

Answer 13

Urban decline, unemployment, and derelict buildings.

Question 14

What is a major housing challenge in rapidly growing cities?

Answer 14

Housing shortages and informal settlements.

Question 15

Name one transport-related urban challenge.

Answer 15

Traffic congestion and air pollution.

Question 16

What causes social inequality in cities?

Answer 16

Unequal access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities.

Question 17

What is sustainable urban development?

Answer 17

Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.

Question 18

Give one example of a sustainable transport solution.

Answer 18

Metro systems, bike-sharing schemes, or congestion charges.

Question 19

How does urbanisation differ between HICs and LICs?

Answer 19

HICs have slower growth with regeneration, while LICs have rapid growth with informal settlements.

Question 20

Where is Birmingham located?

Answer 20

In the West Midlands, central England.

Question 21

Why did Birmingham grow rapidly during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 21

Due to its metalworking and manufacturing industries.

Question 22

What caused Birmingham’s deindustrialisation?

Answer 22

Global competition and automation in the 1970s-80s.

Question 23

Name one regeneration project in Birmingham.

Answer 23

The Big City Plan or Bullring Shopping Centre redevelopment.

Question 24

How has migration influenced Birmingham’s culture?

Answer 24

Diverse communities have brought cultural events like Eid and Diwali.

Question 25

What is a major social challenge in Birmingham?

Answer 25

Inequality between areas like affluent Sutton Coldfield and deprived Sparkbrook.

Question 26

How is Birmingham addressing traffic congestion?

Answer 26

Metro extension and clean air zones.

Question 27

Where is Mexico City located?

Answer 27

In the Valley of Mexico at high altitude.

Question 28

What is the main cause of Mexico City’s rapid growth?

Answer 28

Rural-urban migration from poorer southern states.

Question 29

What are barrios in Mexico City?

Answer 29

Informal settlements on the city’s outskirts.

Question 30

Why does Mexico City suffer from severe air pollution?

Answer 30

It’s surrounded by mountains that trap smog.

Question 31

What is the “Hoy No Circula” program?

Answer 31

A scheme that restricts car use based on license plates to reduce pollution.

Question 32

How is Mexico City addressing housing issues?

Answer 32

Slum upgrading programs and better access to basic services.

Question 33

Why is Mexico City vulnerable to earthquakes?

Answer 33

It’s built on a former lake bed, making it seismically unstable.

Question 34

What is a key difference in urban growth between Birmingham and Mexico City?

Answer 34

Birmingham grew due to industrialisation; Mexico City grew from rural-urban migration.

Question 35

How do both cities tackle transport issues?

Answer 35

Birmingham uses metro extensions; Mexico City uses Metrobus and car restrictions.

Question 36

What is a shared urban challenge in both cities?

Answer 36

Social inequality between rich and poor areas.

Question 37

What is one economic sustainability strategy in urban areas?

Answer 37

Supporting local businesses and creating jobs.

Question 38

How can social sustainability be improved in cities?

Answer 38

Providing affordable housing and access to healthcare and education.

Question 39

Give one example of an environmental sustainability strategy.

Answer 39

Promoting renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions.