Changing Urban Eviroments Flashcards
What is rural urban migration?
The movement of people from the countryside to the cities
Why Is urbanisation happening today in poor countries?
Push and pull factors - more jobs in urban areas, there’s a larger workforce and better infrastructure
What does CBD stand for?
Central business district
What land use is found in the CBD?
Shops, offices, bus stations, pedestrianised areas
What land use if found in the suburbs?
Houses, out of town shopping malls, houses with gardens
Three problems of increase number of cars on roads in richer countries?
Increase in traffic congestion, letting of more pollution and can cause health problems and environmental issues
Example of successful attemp to revitalise a CBD?
Swindon - regeneration of regent palace, canal walk, ward green, union square or London docklands - udc
What is the informal sector of the economy?
Unorganised spectrum - now covers 60% of the labour force in urban areas of developing countries
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the growth in proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
What is the local authority scheme?
Improving 60 favelas to make more attractive, fever crime, less drug problems and more visible to tourists. They have widened streets, tackling health problems and installing cables for electricity
Project that has improved squatter settlements?
Curitiba - the green exchange, integrated transport, solution of the parks
Environmental improvement of squatter settlement?
Solution of the parks - green space, solve flooding by tiring rivers into parks, heavy rain water is diverted to the parks
Social improvement of squatter settlements?
Integrated transport - middle lane for buses only to take people around the city, creating lack of traffic congestion
Economic improvement in squatter settlements?
The green exchange - exchange garbage for food or bus tickets on return the people sort their own rubbish and take to rubbish collectors. Cheaper for government
Why is waste disposal a problem?
Poor countries can afford to dispose of their waste safely. They do not have the infrastructure for waste disposal lorries to collect rubbish. It is also on a large scale so it is harder to tackle the problem.
Three effects of water pollution?
Kills fish and other aquatic animals, which diatribe food chain.
Harmful chemicals can build up in the food chain and poison humans who eat fish from polluted water.
Contamination of water supplies with sewage can spread disease like typhoid.
What is meant by a sustainable city?
Means doing things in a way that’s lets the people living now have the things they need, but without reducing the ability of people in the future to meet their needs
How can reducing waste makes city to become more sustainable?
More recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste is produced, which reduces the amount that goes into landfill. Safely disposing of toxic waste helps to prevent air and water pollution
How can building brownfield site help a city become more sustainable ?
Brownfield sites are derelict areas that have been used, but aren’t being used anymore. Using brownfield site for new building stops green space being used up. So the space will be available for people in the future. Developing the brownfield sites also makes the city look nicer.
What are the main causes of urbanisation?
Rural-urban migration Natural increase Birth rates increase Death rates fallen Better health/medical care
What’s the difference between a push and pull factor?
Push is the factors bad about the place currently
Pull is the good factors and the new location
Why do ethnic groups choose to cluster together in cities?
Family links Safety Wealth factors Shared language Religious reasons Specialised facilities
Three effects of ethnic segregation?
Violence between different ethnic groups.
Murders due to racial tension.
Banned political marches.
Three solutions to ethnic segregation?
Increasing the achievement of children by improving education.
Providing opportunities for basic skills training increasing employment.
Promoting multicultural values so that different groups understand and respect each other.
