Changing Urban Eviroments

Question 1

What is rural urban migration?

Answer 1

The movement of people from the countryside to the cities

Question 2

Why Is urbanisation happening today in poor countries?

Answer 2

Push and pull factors - more jobs in urban areas, there’s a larger workforce and better infrastructure

Question 3

What does CBD stand for?

Answer 3

Central business district

Question 4

What land use is found in the CBD?

Answer 4

Shops, offices, bus stations, pedestrianised areas

Question 5

What land use if found in the suburbs?

Answer 5

Houses, out of town shopping malls, houses with gardens

Question 6

Three problems of increase number of cars on roads in richer countries?

Answer 6

Increase in traffic congestion, letting of more pollution and can cause health problems and environmental issues

Question 7

Example of successful attemp to revitalise a CBD?

Answer 7

Swindon - regeneration of regent palace, canal walk, ward green, union square or London docklands - udc

Question 8

What is the informal sector of the economy?

Answer 8

Unorganised spectrum - now covers 60% of the labour force in urban areas of developing countries

Question 9

What is urbanisation?

Answer 9

Urbanisation is the growth in proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas

Question 10

What is the local authority scheme?

Answer 10

Improving 60 favelas to make more attractive, fever crime, less drug problems and more visible to tourists. They have widened streets, tackling health problems and installing cables for electricity

Question 11

Project that has improved squatter settlements?

Answer 11

Curitiba - the green exchange, integrated transport, solution of the parks

Question 12

Environmental improvement of squatter settlement?

Answer 12

Solution of the parks - green space, solve flooding by tiring rivers into parks, heavy rain water is diverted to the parks

Question 13

Social improvement of squatter settlements?

Answer 13

Integrated transport - middle lane for buses only to take people around the city, creating lack of traffic congestion

Question 14

Economic improvement in squatter settlements?

Answer 14

The green exchange - exchange garbage for food or bus tickets on return the people sort their own rubbish and take to rubbish collectors. Cheaper for government

Question 15

Why is waste disposal a problem?

Answer 15

Poor countries can afford to dispose of their waste safely. They do not have the infrastructure for waste disposal lorries to collect rubbish. It is also on a large scale so it is harder to tackle the problem.

Question 16

Three effects of water pollution?

Answer 16

Kills fish and other aquatic animals, which diatribe food chain.
Harmful chemicals can build up in the food chain and poison humans who eat fish from polluted water.
Contamination of water supplies with sewage can spread disease like typhoid.

Question 17

What is meant by a sustainable city?

Answer 17

Means doing things in a way that’s lets the people living now have the things they need, but without reducing the ability of people in the future to meet their needs

Question 18

How can reducing waste makes city to become more sustainable?

Answer 18

More recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste is produced, which reduces the amount that goes into landfill. Safely disposing of toxic waste helps to prevent air and water pollution

Question 19

How can building brownfield site help a city become more sustainable ?

Answer 19

Brownfield sites are derelict areas that have been used, but aren’t being used anymore. Using brownfield site for new building stops green space being used up. So the space will be available for people in the future. Developing the brownfield sites also makes the city look nicer.

Question 20

What are the main causes of urbanisation?

Answer 20

Rural-urban migration
Natural increase 
Birth rates increase 
Death rates fallen 
Better health/medical care

Question 21

What’s the difference between a push and pull factor?

Answer 21

Push is the factors bad about the place currently

Pull is the good factors and the new location

Question 22

Why do ethnic groups choose to cluster together in cities?

Answer 22

Family links
Safety 
Wealth factors 
Shared language 
Religious reasons 
Specialised facilities

Question 23

Three effects of ethnic segregation?

Answer 23

Violence between different ethnic groups.
Murders due to racial tension.
Banned political marches.

Question 24

Three solutions to ethnic segregation?

Answer 24

Increasing the achievement of children by improving education.
Providing opportunities for basic skills training increasing employment.
Promoting multicultural values so that different groups understand and respect each other.