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CSMP > changing spaces making places > Flashcards

changing spaces making places Flashcards

1
Q

what characteristics make up the identity of a place?

A

-physical geography
-demography
-socio economic
-cultural
-political
-built environments

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2
Q

what is the physical geography of a place

A

-altitude
-slope angle
-aspect
-drainage
-geology

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3
Q

what is the demography of a place

A

number of inhabitants
-their ages, gender and ethnicity

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4
Q

what are the socio economic factors of a place

A

-employment
-income
-family status
-education

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5
Q

what are the cultural factors of a place

A

-religion
-local traditions
-local clubs
-societies

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6
Q

what are the political factors of a place

A

-local, regional and national governments
-local groups such as resident associations

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7
Q

what is the meaning of built environments

A

-age and style of building including building materials
-density of housing

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8
Q

what is globalisation?

A

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world, economically, socially politically and culturally

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9
Q

what is globalisation in terms of space?

A

A set of forces that are changing the ways in which people experience, and understand both familiar and unfamiliar places

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10
Q

What is the term global village mean?

A

used to convey the idea the world has become smaller, not physically, but because of its greater interconnectedness

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11
Q

What is times space compression?

A

Space is no longer a barrier, and once was to communication and movement of people, good and ideas
Communications and the flows of goods, and now quicker speeding up the world

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12
Q

what are the two ways places can be represented

A

Formally and informally

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13
Q

What are methods of informal representation?

A

TV
Film
Music
Art
Photography
Literature
Graffiti
Blogs

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14
Q

what do informal representations show?

A

They build up strong, fictional representations of places that are not always accurate, but are subjective

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15
Q

what is a method of formal representation?

A

Census
-Includes lots of data and factual statistics that are completed every 10 years
-includes personal information such as date of birth, gender, ethnicity, education, and more

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16
Q

what is household?

A

A basic source of data- one person, living alone, or a group of people living at the same address who share facilities are represented

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17
Q

how is representing rural places hard?

A

Has some degree subjectivity and biased due to the boundaries being difficult to determine

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18
Q

How do rural areas differentiate from urban areas?

A

-closely nit, supportive community, where everyone knows everyone
-more conservative and traditional in views
-More homogenous ethnically
-Less mobility, both spatially and socially

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19
Q

what factors influence perception of a place?

A

Age
Gender
Sexuality
Religion
role in society

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20
Q

how does age influence perception of a place?

A

Perceptions changes as you age
eg/ the park —— child plays on swings
—— teenager does other recreational things like skateboarding
—-a parent might see the park as a place of danger

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21
Q

What is the life-cycle in terms of perception of place?

A

involves changing residence
-Moves associated with changes in income and family size

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22
Q

How does gender influence perception of place?

A

-in different societies roles of men and women are reflected in the way they can move around the places they use
-Many places are defined as male or female places
-males are excluded from certain places in a male dominated and controlled society

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23
Q

what is geography of fear?

A

-Influence mental and decisions they make about where when and how they go to certain places
-Some places are perceived as unsafe on the basis of their gender
-So they are avoided by people

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24
Q

how does sexuality influence perception of a place?

A

-Influences the way people use places
-Acceptance of different sexualities become more widespread
-places acquire meaning where LGBT groups cluster and they have been identified in mapped

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25
Q

examples of sexuality influencing perception of place

A

-Gay, friendly club, bars, and restaurants like Castro District in San Francisco
-Brighton is the LGBT capital of the UK
-Research found links between these places and ghetto

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26
Q

how do places benefit from LGBT places?

A

Places like Manchester, Brighton and San Francisco benefit from the tourism and revenue from these places

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27
Q

How does religion influence perception of place?

A

-locations have spiritual meanings
-Jerusalem has religious significance for Judaism, Christianity and Islam

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28
Q

why does Judaism have religious significance in Jerusalem?

A

Jerusalem represents Judaisms most sacred site and is the ancient capital of the Jewish state

29
Q

why does christianity have religious significance in Jerusalem?

A

Site of Christ crucifixion and resurrection. Jerusalem represents Christianity most holy site

30
Q

why does Islam have religious significance in Jerusalem?

A

A site of Mohammed night journey and Islam’s third, most sacred shrine, the dome of rock

31
Q

why is Jerusalem contested space?

A

Many different religions and people moving there
-City has been captured, 11 times in the past 1500 years and destroyed and rebuilt five times

32
Q

where do 6 million pilgrims visit every year

A

The lourdes- foothills of the Pyrenees in South France
-Became a place where people travel to bathe or drink spring water flowing from the cave, where visions of Mary took place
-Said to have curative powers

33
Q

How does the role that we have influence perception of place?

A

-each of us performs a variety of roles at different times
-The role we have can influence our perceptions of a location and how we behave
-E.g. you are likely to act different at a shopping centre in front of your friends than your grandparents or parents

34
Q

what can roles influence?

A

-perception of fear, insecurity and anxiety
-They reflected in the way boundaries are used to include or exclude people and activities
-London many residential developments try to exclude certain people living in them as the lease is contained rules about who could rent them
-Some landowners and developers, try to sustain a high social economic status for their developments
-gated communities are becoming increasingly common

35
Q

what characteristics make up a place?

A

-Physical geography
-Demography
-Socio economic(employment/income)
-Cultural
-Political
-Built environments(age and style of buildings

36
Q

What is social inequality?

A

-differences based on age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, and wealth that exists in all societies
-differences can raise moral issues and lead to spatial inequality debates

37
Q

What is quality of life?

A

-The extent to which peoples needs and desires are met
-Seen in areas, such as the treatment of people

38
Q

what is standard of living?

A

-The ability to access goods and services
-Includes basic needs such as food and water, clothes, housing and personal mobility

39
Q

what does a rise in income lead to?

A

-increase standard of living and income, but decrease quality of life
-Longer hours at work, longer daily commutes, migration away from family and friends

40
Q

What is deprivation?

A

-when a persons, well-being fall below a generally regarded minimum
-Range of factors measure this such as employment, housing, health and education

41
Q

What is poverty?

A

Not having enough money to support a decent standard of living

42
Q

what is the index of multiple deprivation?

A

-what The UK government uses to assess relative levels of deprivation

43
Q

What does the index of multiple deprivation use?

A

income
Employment
Health
Education
Crime
Access to housing
Living environment

44
Q

What are the ways of measuring social inequality?

A

income
Housing
Education
Healthcare
Employment
HDI

45
Q

how is social inequality measured through income?

A

-$1.90/day = extreme poverty
-People below this income struggled to afford basic necessities
-In UK relative poverty is measured by comparing household income to the medium income with a 60% threshold

46
Q

How many people fall below the threshold of median income

A

14 million

47
Q

what is the Gini coefficient?

A

-used to measure income in a quality within countries
-Values between zero and one
-The lower the number, the more equal income distribution

48
Q

how is housing used to measure social inequality?

A

-It’s related to income levels
-Housing tenure
-Owner occupiers- outright own their houses
-Some rent from private landlords others from the council
-In LIC in some areas, there’s a well organised system of landlords and tenants

49
Q

What is a squatter settlement?

A

-Should only be used where people have no right to the land they occupy

50
Q

What are formal means of education?

A

-Schools, colleges apprenticeships and unis

51
Q

what are informal means of education

A

-They gained from doing something at home, or in the workplace, for example, learning how to cook

52
Q

How is inequality shown through education?

A

-contrasting literacy level levels given indication of inequality
-Globally, there’s a big inequality which links directly to gender equality

53
Q

how is healthcare used to show social inequality globally

A

-Links between poverty and ill Health
-Number of healthcare professionals and measure of number of doctors per 1000 people describe health inequality on a global scale

54
Q

how is social inequality shown through healthcare in the UK?

A

-Depending on where you live the level of medical provision, through the NHS varies
-through differences in levels of morbidity and life expectancy

55
Q

what factors have significant influences on health and can cause inequality?

A

-Access to clean water
-Effective sanitation
-Quantity and quality of diet
-type of housing
-air quality

56
Q

How does employment measure social inequality?

A

-It’s hard to assess as not all countries to find employment as the same, and don’t record all people
-urban areas often have a high income and employment rate the rural areas
-In urban areas in LIDCs and EDCs millions make a living in the informal sector where they have long work days and low wages

57
Q

What is HDI?

A

-Human development index
-Since it’s 1990. There’s been an annual assessment of level of development based on economic and social indicators, such as:
— life expectancy at birth
— education using an adult literacy rate and number of years in school
— income adjusted to take account of purchasing power in the country
-Ranges from 1(most developed) to 0 (least developed)

58
Q

what is the role of globalisation in economic change?

A

-has led to increase flows of ideas, capital, goods and services driven by economic changes
-Transnational corporations (TNCs) plays in the global economy
-Relationships between TNCs lead to global shifts — equals relocation of manufacturing production on a global scale
-

59
Q

What does economic restructuring lead to?

A

Loss of primary secondary sectors
-ACs transformed into post industrial societies were most worked in the tertiary quaternary sectors

60
Q

what are the empires of structural economic change on people and places?

A

-economic restructuring-mine and factory closure= job losses in ACs = DEINDUSTRIALISATION
-Unemployment and associated problems like ill health increase
-They concentrated in inner city, neighbourhoods, or local authority housing estates in suburbs
-The industrialisation equals abandonment, dereliction, polluted land and waterways

61
Q

what are positive impacts of Structural economic change in ACs?

A

-Cheaper imports of labour intensive products, which decreased cost-of-living
-Growth and LIDCs lead to demand of export from ACs
-increase industrial efficiency equals development of new technologies, promotion of entrepreneurship and attract for investments
-Loss of mining and manufacturing industry equals improved EQ

62
Q

what are negative impacts of Structural economic change in ACs

A

-increased job export= job losses (often unskilled workers )
-Big gaps developed between skilled and unskilled workers
-The industrialisation and structural unemployment
-branch plants are vulnerable in economic recession they are 1st to close which increased job losses

63
Q

what are positive impacts of Structural economic change in EDCs and LIDCs?

A

-increase export generated income, which promotes investment in productive capacity, which leads to the multiplyer effect on the national economy
-New highly paid jobs in local areas
-Decreasing negative trade balances
-Exposure to new tech, improvement of skill and labour productivity
-Employment increase

64
Q

what are negative impacts of Structural economic change in EDCs and LIDCs?

A

-unlikely to decrease inequality and may promote in migration
-Lead to overdependence on a narrow economic base
-Stabilised food supplies as people stop agriculture
-environmental issues with overrapid industrialisation
-Health and safety issues of tax legislation

65
Q

what is economic boom

A

-Period of rapid economic growth and expansion

66
Q

What is an economic boom lead to?

A

-higher production rates
-Increased economic activity
-Increased employment
-Increased living standards and infrastructure development

67
Q

what is an economic recession?

A

-A general slowdown in economic activity

68
Q

What does an economic recession lead to?

A

-increased unemployment and layoffs
-Decreased incomes so hard to maintain standard of living
-Strained public services like healthcare and education
-Decrease in property values

69
Q

Who will be more resilient during economic rec sessions

A

Regions with lots of natural resources may be more resilient during recessions as they can be leveraged for economic stability

CSMP (6 decks)

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