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Geography SL > Changing populations > Flashcards

Changing populations Flashcards

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1
Q

North-South divide

A

the increasing inequality in levels of development between the North and the South or between HICs and LICs

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2
Q

Development gap

A

the difference in wealth between developed world (north) and the developing world (south)

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3
Q

OPEC

A

the organization of Petroleom Exporting Countries, representing the interets of oil exporters.

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4
Q

The G7/G8

A

A group of the world’s wealthiest and most powerful countries

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5
Q

The G10 or Paris Club

A

a group representing the wealthiest members of the International Monetary Fund

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6
Q

Gross national income (GNI) capita (is measured)

A

by dividing a country’s gross national income by its mid-year population.

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7
Q

What does Chinas population distribution result from?

A

Its physical geography. Only small proportion of the country is able to provide the rain-fed agriculture

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8
Q

Internal migration in China

A

Migrants have left rural areas to seek work in urban areas.

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9
Q

What does South Africas population distribution result from?

A

High population densities are found in ares where there are good mineral resources, good farmin potential and good trading potential

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10
Q

Internal migration in South Africa

A

Economic migration link with industrial development, apertheid movememt

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11
Q

Circular migration

A

a feature of South Africa’s migration, when a worker moves repeatedly between home and host areas.

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12
Q

4 physical factors that affect the distribution of population at the global scale

A

Climate, water supply, soil, resources

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13
Q

2 human factors that affect the distribution of population at the global scale

A

Economic, cultural

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14
Q

CPE

A

centrally planned economies

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15
Q

NIC

A

newly industrializing countries

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16
Q

LIC

A

low-income countries

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17
Q

HIC

A

high-income countries

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18
Q

Main patterns of migration in China

A

Most of the migrants moved to the urban industrial cities by the coast

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19
Q

Two physical reasons for the distribution of population in china

A

Countries physical geography, economic growth

20
Q

Political system in South Africa that was responsible for the distribution population

A

Aperheid system

21
Q

State the proportion of population in China that live on the most densely populated 0.5% of the land.

A

11%

22
Q

State the proportion of population in China that live on the least densely populated 50% of the land.

A

Less than 4%

23
Q

BRIKS

A

Brazil, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA, SOUTH AFRICA

24
Q

The general demographic transition model (DTM) shows:

A

the change in birth rate and death rate over time.

25
Q

How is natural increase calculated?

A

by substracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate. Expressed as percentage

26
Q

When does natural decrease occur?

A

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate

27
Q

What is population change

A

the balance between birth rate, death rate and migration

28
Q

Doubling time

A

is the number of years needed for a population to double in size. It is found by dividing 70 years by the rate of natural increase %. Expressed in years

29
Q

Population momentum

A

the tendency for a population to grow despite a fall in the birth rate or fertility rate

30
Q

Population projections

A

predictions about future population based on trends in fertility

31
Q

The total fertility rate (TFR)

A

is the average number of births per thousand woman of childbearing age

32
Q

Life expectancy

A

the average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that demographic factors remain unchanged.

33
Q

Dependency ratio

A

measure the working population and the dependent population

34
Q

Forced migration

A

the movement of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters ect.

35
Q

types of forced migration

A

Conflict-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move due to armed conflict
Development-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move as a result of large-scale infrastructure projects
Disaster-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move due to natural disasters

36
Q

Types of forced migrants (7)

A
  1. Refugees - people who moved due to dangers of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion in the country
  2. Asylum seekers - a person who has left their country of origin in search of protection in another country
  3. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) - groups of people who were forced to move out of their country due to armed conflict, natural disasters ect.
  4. Development displacees - forced to move as a result of policies and projects to promote development.
  5. Environmental and disaster displacees - environmental refugees or disaster refugees
  6. Smuggled people - people who moved illegally for profit
  7. Trafficked people - people moved by deception for the purpose of exploitation and profit
37
Q

The older dependency ratio (ODR)

A

acts as an indicator of the balance between working-age people and the older population that they must support

38
Q

Pro-natalist

A

Country who wishes to increases its population size

39
Q

Anti-natalist

A

Country who wishes to limit its population size

40
Q

Demographic dividend

A

Refers to a bulge in the numbers of adults in a population. It occurs when fertility rate decline, allowing faster economic growth

41
Q

Benefits of the demographic dividend

A

Increased labour supply, increase in savings, healthier women and fewer social and economic pressures at home, economic growth

42
Q

Stage 1

A

Birth dates and death rates are high and variable
No countries, only some indigenous tribes at this stage

43
Q

Stage 2

A

Birth rates remains high but the death rate comes down rapidly, population growth is rapid
Afghanistan, Sudan and Libya

44
Q

Stage 3

A

birth rate drops and death rate remains low, population growth continues but at a smaller rate
Brazil and Argentina

45
Q

Stage 4

A

Birth rates and death rates are low and variable
UK and most developed countries

46
Q

Stage 5

A

Birth rate is lower than death rate, Japan

Geography SL (3 decks)

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