Changing Political Relationships 1920-30 (3) Flashcards
Introduction
*Between 1920 & 1930 Congress transformed into a powerful force
*by mid 1920s party had mass appeal
*against this was the increasingly organised and vocal Muslim Minority that found its voice in Muhammed Ali Jinnah & the Muslim League
*The Lucknow Pact was Forgotten inn the Increasingly Politicised climate of the 1920s
*The Idea of a separate Muslim state started to emerge
Concept Of Satygraha
*Gandhi’s Philosophy was underpinned by his concept of Satyagraha, the idea of resistance to British occupation but in a peaceful and non-violent way
Gandhi Winning Hearts and Minds
- Gandhi believed in simple living and self sufficiency
*believed happiness would be achieved in small communities
*Gandhi tried to get peasant support by adopting their lifestyle
*wore very simple clothes
what did Non-cooperation entail
*congress 1920 Gandhi persuaded Congress to adopt his policy of non-cooperation
*Tried to make India ungovernable
*Gandhi’s campaign successful in undermining British control
*street markets and services shut down as act of rebellion
End Of Satyagraha
*Many did not adhere to the idea of non-violence
*Muslims had started a Jihad and started killings of British people
*1922 mob had set fire to police station in Chauri Chaura
*Gandhi immediately called off his campaign
*soon arrested by official govt
Extending the appeal of Congress 1922-30
*All Indian Congress committee rose from 161-350 when Gandhi became leader of congress
*after his release in 1924 Gandhi established a new unit within the all-Indian Congress committee - the Congress Working committee
Back to basics
*after His release in 1924 Gandhi went back to basics
*persuaded congress to campaign for mass literacy and better village sanitation
*After abandoning his Satyagraha campaign INC was seen as a responsible political party
The Nehru Report
*1928 INC produced a report that would serve as a basis for a future constitution in India
*Nehru report endorsed aim of dominion status as long as it was like Australia
*called for no further devolution of power to provinces, making Hindus the permanent majority
How Did Congress React to the Nehru report
*The response to this report was a boycott of the Simon Commission
*young Hooligans (nehru and Chandras Bose)
voted to adopt the hehru report as official policy
Purna Swaraj
*Congress met at lahore in 1929
*gandhi had a dilemma
-either support a push for dominion status
-or support young Hooligans and more radical approach of complete control (Purna Swaraj)
*In the end Gandhi went with Purna Swaraj
Salt Satyagraha
*Gandhi decided the next civil disobedience campaign would be to oppose the govts tax on salt
*1930 gandhi set out to walk 240 miles to Dandi to take a few grains of salt, in so breaking the law - he was soon arrested
*indians were legally obliged to purchase it from the Raj - this also had a tax on top
*many followed suit from Gandhi and started to join him
