Changing Places

Question 1

Tripartite Model of place attachment (geographical theory)
3 categories

Answer 1

place
person
process

Question 2

Person

Answer 2

individual- personal experiences in the place, milestones and realisations
group or cultural- religious or historical

Question 3

Place(Tripartite)

Answer 3

Physical- natural, built (physically looks like)
Social- the social activity associated with the place eg social arena/social symbol eg shopping

Question 4

Process(Tripartite)

Answer 4

affect- emotions eg happiness or pride
cognition- memory, meaning, schemas, knowledge
behaviour- subconsciously impact your behaviour and actions

Question 5

Insider

Answer 5

feel like they belong in a certain place.
they will understand unspoken rules or society, conform to local norms, permanent resident, born there, friends or connections, fluent in the local language

Question 6

outsider

Answer 6

feel out of place and that they do not belong
misunderstand social norms
alienated
could be not born there eg immigrants
not fluent in the local language eg idioms

Question 7

social exclusion

Answer 7

exclusion from a society eg racism or homophobia, tourists, immigrants

Question 8

spacial exclusion

Answer 8

exclusion from a space. This can be a result of low gov funding.
eg anti homeless benches or spikes
gated communities- access is controlled and they may even have local amenities so you don’t have to leave

Question 9

Near places

Answer 9

somewhere that is known well due to it being close by eg burnley

Question 10

far places

Answer 10

somewhere that is known but not well due to it being a distance away
historically, a place being far away has been used to justify racism wars etc

Question 11

media places

Answer 11

• experienced through other people’s perceptions eg film and books
  -makes the world seem smaller
  media rep will contrast with other forms of representation such as maps
  we may be particularly attached to fictional places as they cannot be ruined by reality

Question 12

experienced place

Answer 12

a location a person has visited in their lifetime.
We have been their and developed a sense of place and attachment. People can have different experiences of the same place
experiences can generate topophilia or topophobia

Question 13

character of place

Answer 13

reputation
smell
landscape features
traditions
landmarks
people
history
culture
topography

Question 14

endogenous

Answer 14

internal. Eg river or people or architecture

Question 15

exogenous

Answer 15

external eg migrants and government influence

Question 16

endogenous factors examples

Answer 16

topography(hills/mountains)
land use(urban, agricultural)
economic characteristics (primary,tertiary etc)
physical geography (geology and rivers)
infrastructure( motorways, railway)
location-affects timescale-eg less victorian housing near coast
built environment(Georgian, victorian etc)
demographic characteristics(ethnicity, age, population)

Question 17

Changing characteristics in Burnley

Answer 17

exogenous- flow of people(migrants)
flow of ideas- industrial rev
endogenous- changes in land use- agri to indu to urban

Question 18

History until 1891 of Burnley

Answer 18

18th century- coal mines (fuel source)
1754- Turnpike road connected Blackburn to colne- allowed trade
1796- Leeds and Liverpool Canal- further allowed trade (increased population and number of mills)
1800s- travel to Manchester in 2 hours- trade from Manchester Shipping Canal- slave trade and trade from America
1820- Burnley Barracks- military base
1824- Holgates Bank collapse(closure of mills paired with a decrease in cotton from drought in USA)
1840- potato famine- irish migrated to Liverpool and Burnley
1848- Railway and in 1851 the population rose to 21.000
1860- USA civil war- decline in mills
1891- electricity(powerloom which led to a loss of jobs as less workers needed)

Question 19

Post War Burnley History (1914-2014)

Answer 19

1914- WW1, population decline and is mainly made of women and children- mills were used for ammo
1971- closure of coal mines (57% loss of jobs)
1980- M65 built- loss of barracks and housing
1992- riots over houses and jobs
2000- Burnley Forest
2014- funding for Charter Walk shopping centre- £3million investment to increase footfall by 10% and decrease vacant properties by 20%
changed characteristics of Burnley

Question 20

Place Identity

Answer 20

the meaning and significance of a place to the people who live there and its users. However it is contentious as different groups of people hold multiple and conflicting views

Question 21

Factors affecting place identity

Answer 21

economic growth- flows of people from one place to another (urbanisation)
agglomeration- people move from rural to urban areas
suburbanisation- urban sprawl causes the city to grow and increased transport means people can move further out of cc
counter-urbanisation- urban-rural
regeneration- redevelopment of run down areas

Question 22

Positives way suburbanisation can affect inner city

Answer 22

-decreased demand for high density housing
-low wuality housing can be cleared and more low rise buildings constructed
clearance in space can improve transport links
-increase in environmental quality- recreational areas can be created, less traffic and smog

Question 23

negative ways suburbanisation has impacted inner city

Answer 23

decline in inner city
business move away and shops close(lower business tax so lower council funding)
decrease in employment- demultiplier effect
communites are split up and buildings are left empty
area looks run down
social conflict between rich and poor areas

Question 24

positive suburbanisation on the rural urban fringe

Answer 24

increased people paying taxes-more investment
as wealthier people move in, there is an increased demand dor recreational facilities such as golf courses
demand has aided growth of retail parks
increasing employment opportunities

Question 25

negative impacts on rural urban fringe

Answer 25

increased cost of land and housing
greenbelt is put under pressure
more people commuting- increase in noise and air pollution
lose local village community atmosphere
the city increases in size as the demand for housing in the suburbs increases

Question 26

globalisation

Answer 26

the increSe of trade around the world especially by large companies producing and trading goods
interconnection of the world’s economic cultural and political systems
TNCs
can lead to city centres becoming clone towns and having placelessness, as they lose their uniqueness.