Changing Places Flashcards
(39 cards)
What happened in the Kletzker Brotherly Aid Society?
Originally provided aid for Jewish immigrants and became a representation of Jewish resilience post WWII, but now turned into a Chinese funeral home and so has lost the sense of originality.
What happened to the Forward Building?
Originally acted as an educational centre for Jewish migrants and was home to a socialist newspaper and represented the cultural and social significance of the Jewish community, but now has become a place for $15,000 flats –> placelessness.
What kind of gentrifiers are there?
Pioneer, mature, and super
What is gentrification?
An urban process taking place in inner cities. Middle class people move closer to the centre of the city, buying properties and renovating so the overall value increases. It can lead to restaurants and shops who are more independently owned to be replaced by more well-known retailers, and leads to a significant change in the social character of a place
Positive impacts of gentrification (DESC)
D - brings changes to the social fabric of the area, bringing different lifestyles, interests and social networks.
E - Boosts city revenues, and shopping/retail services are improved
S - reduced crime rates due to increased investments that are implemented into public safety.
C - new foods and ideas, architecture is also influenced and can be renovated to be more modern.
Negative impacts of gentrification (DESC)
D - Changes in income can alter income distribution, lower income people may be displaced due to increase in prices.
E - rent prices increase, greater proportion of government spending is placed into things that do not benefit those on lower/middle income
S - loss of affordable housing, changes in architecture can be hostile to people that are homeless, pushing an ‘us and them’ mentality.
What is a globalised place and give the example we use?
It is a place that is constantly changing by the influence and elements of the wider world.
We use SPITTAL FIELDS as it has constant flows of people, products and investment, and is popular for the garment industry
Some facts about SPITTAL FIELDS
- Jewish population in spitalfield fled to London from East Europe in the 19th century, which influenced the increase of synagogues built in the area
Bangladeshi population increase in the 1960’s which influenced the increase of leather shops on Brick Lane.
West African population increased due to the wax fabric industry which lead to 35 shops on Petticoat lane.
What is the definition of character of a place?
features (human or physical) that help distinguish it from another place. This can be either exogenous or endogenous.
Endogenous meaning and examples.
factors shaping a place from within
examples; topography, built environment, location, land use, demographic characteristics, and economic characteristics
Exogenous meaning and examples.
factors shaping a place that originate from without, or externally.
examples: flows of people, flows of resources, flows of investment and capital, flows of ideas.
Globalised places increase the placelessness of places. What is placenessless?
Placelessness is the casual eradication of distinctive places and the deliberate making of standardised landscapes and the weakening of the identity of places to the point where they start to both look alike and offer the same bland possibilities for experience
Place where placelessness is seen as a good thing?
MURCIA, Spain -
Enrique Marhuenda: the day we have a starbucks, Murcia will be an important city.
It will help them be put on the map of global cities that have popular chain stores, could lead to multiplier effect
Place where placelessness is a bad thing?
MONTMARTE, France -
Many of the residents believe it is a joke that the chain wants to plant themselves there.
The intrusion of high retail chain stores would ruin the atmosphere.
What is the cittaslow movement?
- they aim to focus on the quality of life and sustainable use of natural resources in the area, and are often implemented into ‘slow towns’. Value is placed on the environment and cultural traditions and pollution is reduced.
How are external factors changing places?
On Global, international and local scale
- GLOBAL: Movement of TNCs from developed to developing (DETROIT), leads to deindustrialisation and unemployment (economic), wealthier people moving out and away (more social deprivation)
- INTERNATIONAL: government policies decide where to invest money -> regeneration during the Olympics in 2016, westfields in London created jobs and reduced poverty in the area, it can change demographics which encourages people to live there. Migrate polices also influence demographic and cultures
- LOCAL: local community groups can support those in need (social)
If a question every asks about external forces, what should you refer to
- TNCs (global), government (international) and local groups (local)
- this ensures a range of different scales and how it can change a place
What is an example of a place rebranding (far away)
New York, introducing the I Love New York
- There was a slump in 1976, and so they looked for tourism to turn this around.
$400,000 from government means kick-started the idea of needed tourism, with it all being spent on market research. Then, Madison Avenue produced the brilliant title of I LOVE NEW YORK. - Strengthened in September of 2001, when the world joined New Yorkers in expressing their love for the city after the tragic incident of 9/11.
What is an example of a place rebranding (locally)
People make Glasgow
- They engaged with 1000’s across the globe and encouraged them to have a say on what the city could improve on and share their ideas.
- More than 1,500 people from 42 countries contributed to the conversation and trends in responses were found: that it’s the city people that make the city great.
Informal ways places can be represented?
- media
- TV and film
- photographs
- blogs and vlogs
- newspapers
- graffiti and art -> Banksy
Formal ways places can be represented?
- Statistics -> census data
- Population data, IMD (deprivation), Police uk (crime)
- Cartography -> comparing maps over time (used whenn looking at Lower East York.
What is regeneration?
the physical improvement of a place, done through an investment of an external force
Differences between regeneration and gentrification?
regeneration if the physical improvement of a place, but the gentrification of a place is the changing demographic of a place, usually done by wealthier people moving.
What is the Burgess Model
The 5 rings of who lives in what are of the city.
The outside ring is the High Class residents
The inner ring is CBD (Central Business District)
The next inner ring is factories
The third inner ring is Low Class residents
The second outer ring is Middle Class residents
