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Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

3 ways geographers see aspects of place

A

location, locale, sense of place

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2
Q

define location

A

where a place is, its position

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3
Q

define locale

A

the effect that people have on their setting

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4
Q

define sense of place

A

the subjective and emotional attachments to places

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5
Q

what are the 3 approaches to place

A

descriptive, social constructivist, phenomenological

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6
Q

define the descriptive approach

A

the world is a set of places and each place can be studied distinctly

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7
Q

define the social constructivist approach

A

a place is a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time

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8
Q

define the phenomenological approach

A

how individuals experience place, understanding personal attachments is critical to understanding place

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9
Q

define tourist gaze

A

tourists’ views of places and people are directed and organised by the tourism industry

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10
Q

define placelessness

A

the loss of uniqueness of a place so that one place looks like many others

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11
Q

define topophilia

A

love of a place

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12
Q

define topophobia

A

hate of a place

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13
Q

loyalty to a place can come in the forms of

A

localism, regionalism, nationalism, patriotism

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14
Q

define place

A

the way an area is perceived depending on location, locale and emotional attachment

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15
Q

what does it mean to be an insider

A

to belong to a place and identify with it

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16
Q

what does it mean to be an outsider

A

to not belong to a place and to feel alienated from it, creating a difficulty in identifying with it

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17
Q

define gated communities

A

enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled, only residents can go in and out

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18
Q

what are the 4 different types of place

A

near, far, experienced, media

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19
Q

what factors affect whether a place is perceived as near/far

A

geographical distance
emotional connection/level of comfort
familiarity

20
Q

how has globalisation, travel and media impacted near/far places

A

far places may not automatically seem strange, uncomfortable or different
near places may not feel familiar or create a sense of belonging

21
Q

what factors affect whether a place is perceived as experienced/media

A

perceptions vs reality
personal experience or read/seen in media

22
Q

define endogenous factors of place

A

internal factors that help shape the character of a place, human or physical

23
Q

define exogenous factors of place

A

external factors that help shape the character of a place, relations with other places that affect characteristics

24
Q

name types of endogenous factors

A

land use, topography, physical geography, infrastructure, demographic characteristics, built environment, location, economic characteristics

25
Q

name types of exogenous factors

A

people, resources, money and investment, ideas

26
Q

how do people affect place (exogenous factors)

A

eg. tourists or day trippers, migration
seasonal changes to character and services tailored towards this
influx of a certain type of people

27
Q

how do resources affect place (exogenous factors)

A

eg. importing food, exporting goods
creating trade links and relations with other places

28
Q

how does money and investment affect place (exogenous factors)

A

eg. government funding, private investment
improved services like healthcare
living standards
empty property

29
Q

how do ideas affect place (exogenous factors)

A

eg. education and technology, pop culture
levels of education and wealth
sense of place and connection

30
Q

how did migration within the EU affect place

A

UK as part of the EU welcomed people from 28 member countries (free movement agreement)
2004-9, flows of people into the UK peaked at 1.5million
2/3 of immigrants were Polish, industries like fish processing in East Anglia benefitted (influx in labour)
residence was not in even pattern so some communities were impacted more than others

31
Q

define globalisation

A

the increase of trade around the world and increasing interconnection of the world’s economic, cultural and political systems

32
Q

define clone towns

A

urban retail areas dominated by national and international chain stores, resulting in places losing their unique identities

33
Q

ways to overcome development of clone towns

A

limit size of new stores so independent shops can occupy them
dedicated tax placed on chain stores
introduce legislation to protect locally owned stores
reduced rents for independent businesses

34
Q

what characteristics of place do flows of people, money, resources and ideas affect

A

demographics, culture, economy, social inequality

35
Q

define structural unemployment

A

job losses caused through the change in type of industry in an area

36
Q

define social inequality

A

unequal access to resources and opportunities, resulting in deprivation for particular groups in society

37
Q

name the 5 key areas of spending which the UK government uses to reduce social inequality

A

taxation eg. lower rate of income tax
subsidies eg. free bus passes for the elderly, free subscriptions for under 18s
planning eg. job clubs
law eg. maternity leave and pay, 15 hours free childcare per week for working parents
education eg. pupil premium, free school meals

38
Q

positive effects of exogenous factors (flows of people, resources, money and ideas)

A

job creation, positive multiplier effect, more dynamic social and cultural characteristics, new infrastructure

39
Q

negative effects of exogenous factors (flows of people, resources, money and ideas)

A

social and cultural tensions (insiders vs outsiders), placelessness, new ideas clashing with pre-existing ones, new businesses which require skills and qualifications that locals do not have

40
Q

name forces of change

A

local/national government, individuals, TNCs, local community groups, national/international/global institutions

41
Q

3 main ways to change opinions of place

A

rebranding- giving a new image to a part of the city to attract people back to the area
gentrification- status of a unfashionable and neglected inner urban area is upgraded and improved
regeneration- improving and investing in an area

42
Q

what are formal representations of place

A

objective, based on facts, statistical representation

43
Q

what are informal representations of place

A

do not necessarily represent what actually exists, tend to be creative, selective and stylised

44
Q

what are abstract representations of place

A

may show relationship between places rather than geographical location eg. london tube map

45
Q

what are the 3 types of representation of places

A

formal, informal, abstract

46
Q

qualitative/quantitative sources which can be used to understand place

A

qualitative- interviews, photographs, textual sources, architecture, graffiti, art, tv/film, poetry
quantitative- maps, statistics

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