Changing Places Flashcards
How do endogenous factors affect place? give a reason and example
One reason is due to topography. For example, Hampstead & Highgate in London has a high relief, and this means there is lower pollution. Because of this, housing is in greater demand, as lower pollution equates to a higher QOL. Therefore, itβs a wealthy area.
How does migration change place? give an example and reason
How does technology change place?
Ecommerce can cause loss of high street business. This is because itβs been made more efficient for the consumer to order online with new technology, therefore, due to the closure of these businesses, mass unemployment will occur.
How does mechanisation affect place?
Mechanisation leads to less need for human employees, therefore less jobs are available - especially for the ones requiring minimul skillsets, this leaves the majority of workers less well off, and in unemployment.
How does containerisation affect place?
An example is the London docks, the inner docks declined, as a result of the new docks being moved closer to the estury. Because the ships were too big, this decision was made initially.
How do industrial accidents affect place?
Chernobyl - affected QOL in the area. This led to mass migration from the city, to surrounding areas, in order to minimise health risks associated with the area. This led to deriliction, and therefore the area is now overgrown and inaccessible.
How does terrorism affect place?
Terrorism - can lead to a decrease in sense of place, as with the event of 911, mass belief on New York will be less positive than before. Also, more government investment from council required.
How might government policies affect place?
Influence on demographics. For example Chinaβs one child policy, or opposite - free child care in France. This leads to a greater population, and more diversity. However, overcrowding is also possible - leads to lower QOL and less desirable location/
How might government policies about immigration/discrimination may affect place?
New York - police brutality in the Bronx. An example of discrimation, lead to mass unease from outsiders. Also, internally, insiders felt fearful of the police force, and equally police fearful of riots.
How did expansion of the automotive industry in Detroit change conditions?
Expansion of the automotive industry led to Detroit becoming the 4th largest city in USA. Increase in immigration of African Americans
What caused Detroitβs decline in the 1970s?
Globalisation and outsourcing from other countries lead to low wage Asian countries decimating industries in Detroit. Reason for outsourcing: cheaper for businesses (materials and labour in Asia).
Moreover, Detroit was so difficult to maintain because residents are so spread out.
Mainly though, it was automation that allowed for the replacement of jobs, in the 1970s.
How did the decline of the auto industry impact Detroitβs demographics: economics & social inequality?
- Led to population scattering. This was due to the population already being spread out, but with infrastructure connecting the city, lack of funding meant this couldnβt operate.
- Decline of student enrollment (around 100k in 2002 - halved in 2012)
What are endogenous factors? Give examples of human and physical factors that can affect place?
Factors that are internal and linked to the place.
Location and topography: can affect land use. For example, Port Talbot coal mines placed near coal reserves.
Demographic: can lead to a greater sense of place with more diversity.
How do physical factors determine the character of place?
Topography: example (Hamstead and Heath in London), therefore due to pollution, affluent area established as those who were richer could afford to live on the hill which would avoid pollution.
How do human factors affect character of place?
Demographic: can lead to a greater sense of place with more diversity.
How do endogenous factors cause change of place
Decline of natural resources - for example poverty in places like Port Talbot
What are exogenous factors - give an example and how it impacts place
Factors external to the place itself. And example is government funding, this can positively impact an area, as it may lead to redevelopment (i.e. westgate) therefore, leading to positive economic development through employment opportunities.
Give 3 ways that economic factors change the character of a place. With an example.
Changes in internation investment: for example, Port Talbot investment decreased, as it mining became profitable elsewhere.
Changes in Government investment: for example - London docklands ; vs austerity - loss of jobs in Liverpool due to cuts.
2nd Home Ownership: affordability reduced for locals, as richer city-based workers afford holiday homes.
How did the decline of the automotive industry impact Detroit?
Demographics: White flight - white middle class more capable of moving.
Economic: mass unemployment, less tax income, cut public spending, 40% of street lights donβt work, other effects.
Social inequality:
- derilict buidlings, crime increase, life expectancy decrease.
How may international orgs like WHO influence cultural, econoimc and demographic aspects of place
World Food programme: food aid (13m in Yemen)
World Bank development projects: post earthquake reconstruction.
International Monetary fund: conditions attatched to monetary loands include cuts in public spending impacting on unemployment; social inequality and demographics
