Changing places

Question 1

Urban growth

Answer 1

The rate of increase of urban populations

Question 2

Urban sprawl

Answer 2

The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land

Question 3

Urbanisation

Answer 3

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities

Question 4

Urban consolidation

Answer 4

Urban consolidation describes the policy of constraining further development and population growth to within the boundaries of pre-existing urban areas rather than expanding outwards into suburban areas

Question 5

Suburbanisation

Answer 5

Suburbanisation is a population shift from central urban areas into suburbs, resulting in the formation of urban sprawl

Question 6

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 6

The movement of people and businesses from large cities to smaller towns and rural areas

Question 7

Push factors

Answer 7

Factors that induce people to leave old residences 
e.g. lack of employment opportunities 
       political unrest 
       war 
       natural disasters

Question 8

Pull factors

Answer 8

Factors that induce people to move to a new location
e.g. education opportunities
employment opportunities
better climate/weather

Question 9

Globalisation in China

Answer 9

As the global economy shifts its focus towards China, new opportunities for businesses to enter the Chinese market are emerging. New trade routes and opportunities for jobs

Question 10

Push factors in China

Answer 10

Lack of opportunities
Poor standard of living in rural areas
Labour and non-agricultural employment

Question 11

Pull factors in China

Answer 11

Better employment
Higher wages
Better education
Better standard of living than in rural areas

Question 12

Changes in economic employment structures

Answer 12

These changes resulted in a boom in manufacturing and the growth of cities. About two thirds of China’s GDP now comes from the private sector. The opportunities for work in manufacturing, construction of housing, factories and infrastructure as well as the tertiary sector in cities has been a powerful attraction for many who have few work and lifestyle opportunities living in the countryside. This has created a floating population that moves to and from the established megacities and new smaller inland cities

Question 13

Private sector

Answer 13

The private sector is the part of the economy that is run by individuals and companies for profit - it is not state controlled

Question 14

Tertiary

Answer 14

The services sector of the economy