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The Changing Nature Of Warfare > Changing Nature Of Air Warfare > Flashcards

Changing Nature Of Air Warfare Flashcards

0
Q

What were the German dive bombers?

A

Stukas

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1
Q

What was the German Airforce?

A

Luftwaffe

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2
Q

Before D-Day, where did the Allies bomb?

A

Normandy hinterland

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3
Q

Where was Hitler convinced the D-Day invasion would take place?

A

Calais

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4
Q

When did the Germans bomb Warsaw?

A

September 1939

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5
Q

When was the destruction of Rotterdam?

A

May 1940

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6
Q

What was the codename for the German invasion of Britain?

A

Operation Sealion

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7
Q

When was the Battle of Britain?

A

The summer of 1940

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8
Q

When did Germany begin a full scale raid on the south east of England targeting radar and sector stations?

A

13th August

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9
Q

On the 18th August why did the Luftwaffe target airfields in the south east?

A

To try and destroy the British fighter planes

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10
Q

When did Britain get lucky during the Battle of Britain?

A

7th September

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11
Q

Why did Britain get lucky during the Battle of Britain?

A

Hitler diverted the Luftwaffe to the bombing of London

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12
Q

When did the Luftwaffe try to bomb London in daylight?

A

15th September

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13
Q

How many planes did they lose during the daylight bombing of London?

A

56 planes

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14
Q

When did Hitler postpone the invasion of Britain?

A

17th September

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15
Q

Why was radar so effective?

A

It ensured that the British fighter planes could intercept German attacks

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16
Q

What did the sector stations do?

A

Direct the fighter planes

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17
Q

What are the two British fighter planes?

A

The Hurricanes and Spitfires

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18
Q

What was the German fighter plane?

A

Messerschmitt 109

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19
Q

Why was the Battle of Britain important?

A

It prevented a German invasion and was a morale booster for the British public

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20
Q

From September 1940 what was the bombing of Britain called?

A

The Blitz

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21
Q

What was the aim of the blitz?

A

To destroy the morale of the British people and to seriously disrupt production and communication

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22
Q

When was London bombed?

A

From 2nd September to 2nd November every night, they continued to May 1941

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23
Q

What was the damage in London?

A

Over 15000 were killed and 250000 made homeless

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24
Q

When was Coventry’s worst attack?

A

On 14th November 1940

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25
Q

At Coventry how many incendiary bombs were used?

A

30000

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26
Q

How long did it take Coventry to return to production?

A

Within five days

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27
Q

How many bombers attacked Liverpool on 3rd May 1941?

A

500 bombers

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28
Q

What was the damage in Belfast?

A

1000 were killed and 150000 were made homeless

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29
Q

When was Glasgow attacked?

A

13-14th March 1941

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30
Q

What was the damage at Glasgow?

A

500 were killed, hundreds injured and almost 12000 houses destroyed

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31
Q

At Plymouth what was the main target?

A

The royal dockyards at Devonport

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32
Q

When did the Plymouth raids start and end?

A

From early 1941 to the 30th April 1944

33
Q

At Plymouth how many bombings were there?

A

59 bombing attacks

34
Q

What was the damage at Plymouth?

A

1172 people were killed and 4448 were injured

35
Q

When did Hitler call off the Blitz?

A

May 1941

36
Q

Why was the Blitz called off?

A

The Luftwaffe was needed for the invasion of the Soviet Union

37
Q

What weapons were used during the second blitz

A

The V-1 and V-2 missiles

38
Q

What was the V-1?

A

A flying bomb which came down when it ran out of fuel

39
Q

How many V-1’s reached Britain?

A

6000

40
Q

How many people died as a result of V-1’s?

A

20000

41
Q

What was the weakness of the V-1?

A

The Allies could intercept these bombs

42
Q

Why was the V-2 more dangerous?

A

It was very fast and could not be shot down travelling at 4000 kmph

43
Q

How many V-2’s hit London?

A

500

44
Q

How many died as a result of V-2’s?

A

900

45
Q

Why was the V-2 ineffective?

A

It was used too late in the war to have a direct impact

46
Q

Why was the blitz counter-productive?

A

It made the British more determined to resist the Germans

47
Q

What was the overall damage of the blitz?

A

Over 3mn houses were destroyed and 60000 citizens were killed

48
Q

Why did the Allies bomb Germany?

A

To disrupt German war production, to reduce German morale and to finally defeat Germany

49
Q

In May 1942 where was the first thousand bomber raid?

A

Cologne

50
Q

How many people died in Cologne?

A

40000

51
Q

How many people died in Hamburg?

A

60000

52
Q

Where and when was the most controversial Allied raid?

A

Dresden in February 1945

53
Q

Who was head of British Bomber Command?

A

Air Marshall Harris

54
Q

Why was the raid on Dresden controversial?

A

Dresden was not an industrial city and was full of refugees

55
Q

How many casualties were there at Dresden?

A

100,000

56
Q

Why was there criticism of the Allied bombing?

A

It was morally wrong to target civilians, the bombing was counter-productive and bombing had little effect on German industry as it only fell by 10%. Moreover 140,000 airmen died

57
Q

During the Cold War why did technology develop?

A

As the US and SU were competing to produce the most destructive military aircraft

58
Q

What could new jet aircraft do?

A

Travel at higher altitudes, at greater speed and carry nuclear weapons

59
Q

What was the most significant missile developed?

A

The inter-continental ballistic missile

60
Q

What are some other changes to air warfare during the Cold War?

A

Air to air guided missiles as well as under the radar aircrafts

61
Q

On the 5th June 1967 how many Arab aircrafts had been destroyed?

A

416

62
Q

What airforces did the Israelis destroy?

A

Jordan, Syria and Iraq

63
Q

When was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

7th February 1965

64
Q

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

A widespread bombing raid on military and industrial targets in North Vietnam

65
Q

How long was Operation Rolling Thunder originally supposed to last?

A

8 weeks, it actually lasted 3.5 years

66
Q

How effective was the bombing of North Vietnam?

A

It damaged North Vietnam’s war effort and disrupted its supply route. However the bombing mainly damaged the countryside which caused further support for the Vietcong. Also it did not stop supplies arriving from the North

67
Q

How much did it cost the USA to kill one Vietcong soldier?

A

$400000

68
Q

How did the USA try and force the Vietcong into battle?

A

Chemical weapons to destroy the jungle that the enemy hid in

69
Q

What were two chemical weapons?

A

Agent Orange and Napalm

70
Q

How many litres of Agent Orange was sprayed?

A

82mn litres

71
Q

What was another US tactic?

A

Search and Destroy

72
Q

What were Search and Destroy raids nicknamed?

A

Zippo raids

73
Q

In the Vietnam war what was the problem with US tactics?

A

High civilian casualties

74
Q

When was the extensive bombing campaign at the start of the Persian Gulf War?

A

17th January 1991

75
Q

How many sorties did the coalition fly over and how many tons of bombs did they drop over?

A

100000 sorties and 88500 tons of bombs

76
Q

In the Persian Gulf War what did the bombing achieve?

A

It destroyed military and civilian infrastructure, especially the Iraqi airforce and anti-aircraft facilities and communication facilities.

77
Q

What is the term stealth commonly applied to?

A

To a aircraft or missile system that have been designed to produce as small a radar signature as is practicable

78
Q

What were two US stealth aircrafts?

A

The F-117 Blackhawks and the B-2 Bomber

79
Q

What could the US stealth aircrafts do?

A

The shape of the aircrafts could bounce radio waves at different, odd angles and also they were coated with radar absorbing material.

The Changing Nature Of Warfare (6 decks)

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