changing economic world Flashcards
what does development mean
positive change to make things better
= growing economy and standard of living
how can development be measured
life expectancy birth rate death rate infant mortality rate GNI literacy rate HDI
physical causes of the development gap
landlocked
poor climate
extreme weather
natural hazards
economic causes of the development gap
nothing to trade
low value goods
historical causes of the development gap
colonialism
civil war
instability
consequences of uneven development
USA= 35% of all wealth but 5% of population Africa= 2% of wealth but 12% population
ways to close the development gap
investment from TNCs tourism aid intermediate technology fair trade debt relief microfinance loans
where is Nigeria
west Africa bordering Benin, Niger, Chad
political context of Nigeria
used to be a British colony
lots of corruption
social context of Nigeria
multi faith= source of conflict
economic inequality between N and S
Boko Harem
cultural context of Nigeria
2nd largest film industry in world
environmental context of Nigeria
savannah in N
TR in S
industrial structure of Nigeria
decline in farming
growth in manufacturing and services
social advantages of Shell (TNC) investing in Nigeria
provides 6000 direct jobs
provides 20000 indirect jobs
invests in projects like education, clean water and electricity
social disadvantages of Shell in Nigeria
jobs are limited
difficult working conditions
economic advantages of Shell in Nigeria
multiplier effect
small businesses given small credit loans
economic disadvantages of Shell in Nigeria
losing money by criminals tapping the oil
environmental advantages of Shell in Nigeria
going to stop flaring in future by using gas
environmental disadvantages of Shell in Nigeria
bunkering fires
flaring
pollution and greenhouse effect
deep water drilling
environmental problems due to economic growth
increase in squatter settlements from migration
deforestation (70/80% of forests)
air pollution from industry
oil spills
how has the UKs economy changed
mass deindustrialisation caused by globalisation and change in government policy
effects of rural decline eg outer Hebrides
loss of services
aging population
growth of tourism
effects of rural decline eg s cambridgeshire
road congestion
farmers selling land for houses= loss of jobs
changing character = conflict with locals
what is a post industrial economy
where manufacturing industry declines to be replaced with growth in service sector and development of quaternary sector
4 improvements to the UKs infrastructure
road= widening of A1= anything bringing goods to the UK has a smooth transfer rail= High speed 2= £50 billion connecting London to Manchester ports= Liverpool 2= £300 million for deep water port for bigger container ships airports= heathrow expansion= £13.5 billion for 3rd runway
UKs place in the world
important trading partner eg USA, Germany, China
culture= music and TV
transport
member of EU and commonwealth
