Changing Economic World Flashcards
- What is development?
-the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.
2.What is GNI (gross national income)?
-the total value of goods/services produced by a country in a year.
3.What is birth rate and death rate?
-brith rate is the number of births in a year per 1,000 of the total population.
-death rate is the number of deaths in a year per 1,000 of the population.
- What is infant mortality rate?
-the number of babies who die under 1 yr old per 1,000 babies born.
- What is HDI (human development index)?
-a number that’s calculated from life expectancy, education level and income per head (from 0-1).
What is the DTM?
-it is the demographic transition model and it shows how changing birth rates and death rates affect population growth.
-there are five stages in DTM.
What happens in Stage 1 of the DTM,why and what is an example?
-birth rate is high + fluctuating.
-death rate is high + fluctuating.
-population growth is low.
-there is no birth control so birth rate is high.
-there is lower life expectancy.
-a country in this stage is tribes in Brazil.
What happens in Stage 2 of the DTM, why and what is an example?
-birth rate is high and steady.
-death rate is rapidly falling.
-population growth is high.
-improved hygiene and living standard, access to healthcare.
-a country in this stage is Afghanistan.
What happens in Stage 3 of the DTM, why and what is an example?
-birth rate is rapidly falling.
-death rate is slowly falling.
-population growth is high.
birth control is available, lower life expectancy.
-a country in this stage is India.
What happens in Stage 4 of the DTM, why and what is an example?
-birth rate is low and flucuating.
-death rate is low and fluctuating.
-population growth rate is low.
-people cannot afford to have children, death rates can fluctuate with changing economic situation.
-a country in this stage is UK.
What happens in Stage 5 of the DTM, why and what is an example?
-birth rate is slowly decreasing.
-death rate is increasing slowly.
-population growth is negative.
-birth rates fall as people choose careers over family and higher life expectancy.
- a country in this stage is Japan.
What are two historical factors of the causes of uneven development and explain them?
-colonisation: -european countries colonised African nations in the 19th century, and took raw materials and slaves.
-once countries took back their developent, it made them dependent on Europe and led to famine.
-war: war, especially civil wars can slow/reduce development even after the war is over.
-money is spent on arms and fighting instead of development,people are killed and damage is done to the infrastructure.
-e.g. 10 years after the war in Uganda ended in 1986, levels of development had barely returned to pre-war levels.
What are two physical factors of the causes of uneven development and explain them briefly?
-poor farming land,they cannot produce food.
-natural hazards,money is spent on rebuilding.
What are two economic factors of the causes of uneven development and explain them briefly?
-lots of debt,money earned is spent on paying this back.
-poor trade links, trade won’t make them much money.
What is fair trade, two good things and one bad thing about it?
-it means giving a better price for the goods produced in LICs and NEEs, as well as a price guarantee.
-companies who want to sell products labelled as ‘fair trade’ have to pay producers a fair price.
-it gives job satisfaction and the sufficient money earned can be put back into the economy.
-more people will be encouraged to work,more taxes are paid.
-however, only a tiny proportion of the extra money reaches the original producers, more goes to retailers’ profits.
