changing cities (paper 2) Flashcards
what is urbanisation?
the increase in proportion of people living in cities, as people move from rural to urban areas
what are the 2 main reasons for countries becoming megacities
- natural increase (birth rates higher, migrants of childbearing age) 2. migration (push and pull factors)
whats the difference between a push and pull factor?
a push factor makes someone want to leave the countryside, whereas a pull factor makes someone want to move to the city
difference between sparsley populated and densely?
sparsely- few people. densely- many people
describe the uk’s population variation
in the south east, it’s more densely populated in places such as London, whereas in the north west, it’s more sparsely populated in places like Scotland, however there is an anomaly, Edinburgh, which is densely populated, despite being in the north of the uk.
describe Birmingham’s site
it grew up on a drip point site, on a south-facing sandstone ridge overlooking the river Rea- good water supply. flat land and fertile floodplains near too
describe Birmingham’s situation
has developed transport links, such as canals, railways and road networks. it is well connected as it is I the centre of the uk, with connections to the m5 and m6
what is de-industrialisation?
the decline of factories and industries in a city
why did counter-urbanisation sometimes occur?
because inner cities were demolished to be rebuilt, so people had to move. sometimes, older couples do this to find settlements in quieter, calmer areas
how did de-centralisation lead to de-industrialisation in Birmingham?
de-centralisation means power was distributed to other regions, meaning that less factories were needed in Birmingham as they had been moved elsewhere so a few factories from specific business were shut down
the 4 causes of de-industrialisation?
de-centralisation, transport development, globalisation, technology
how has Birmingham improved their quality of life?
Birmingham’s clean air zone (CAZ), befriending scheme, buses, created 1,000 new jobs in the Grand Central development, building new schools, trams
explain Birmingham’s clean air zone
a fee for driving into Birmingham at certain times of the day. if you refuse to pay, you are issued£120, this can be halved if the money is payed within 2 weeks. it reduces vehicle emissions, but if it causes too much inconvenience, people may just move away.
explain trams
reduces the number of vehicles emitting co2 on the road, as it can fit more passengers than buses AND cars, and it’s electrically powered , releasing less greenhouse gases. but, the construction of trams is very expensive and long, causing passengers to wait many years until one is built.
describe Mexico City’s site
Mexico City was originally known as Technotitlan, capital of the Aztecs. it was an island in the middle of Lake Texaco, and was a plateau, helping defend them from any enemies. the lake was also a good water supply and helped with fishing.
describe Mexico City’s situation
surrounded by mountains and 2 volcanoes. it has rail networks which connect the north and south of Mexico. it is also a good transport link between north and South America, but it used for drug transportation, so crime rates here are high.
explain inequality in Mexico City in notes
poorer people are desperate for jobs so work in poor working conditions for low wages-this has an impact on their health. poorer people work longer to try earn more wages- they don’t have time to gain/learn new skills for better job opportunities or qualifications, it can also affect their health. . the rich have money to protect theirselves from natural disasters whereas the poor can’t. the poor live in shanty towns and some live on rubbish dumps, where hygiene may be poor, affecting their health.
what is an impact of migration in Mexico City?
their is more pressure for using, so people end up living in shanty towns.
