Changing Britain Flashcards
1
Q
18th century living conditions
A
- overcrowded. in 1861, 70% scottish population lived in 1-2 rooms
- houses quickly and cheaply built. single end flats often had no windows
- damp, cold and poorly maintained by landlords. turned into slums
- no running water. collected from standpipe in close often contaminated.
- no rubbish collection. filth gathered in streets.
- inadequate sewers and drains. waste dumped in water supply.
2
Q
reasons for poor health
A
- lack of sanitation. open sewers caused bacteria to multiply and contaminate water.
- overcrowding. family lived 1 a room.
- no rubbish disposal. rubbish left in streets and attracted rats.
- poor diet. low immunity to diseases.
- pollution. caused illnesses.
- lack of medical knowledge. medical problems left untreated.
3
Q
reasons for improvements in living conditions
A
- government laws and local authority action
- new inventions
- improved conditions for middle class. railways made it possible for wealthy to settle down in less polluted suburbs.
4
Q
government laws and authority action
A
- public health acts. local authorities could provide sewers and drains, a refuse collection, clean piped water etc and appoint sanitary inspectors.
- 1855 nuisance removal act. local authorities could clean or close properties.
- 1875 artisans and labourers dwelling act. local authorities could pull down slums.
5
Q
new inventions
A
- electric light
- flushing toilets
- coal burning ranges
6
Q
reasons for improvements in public health
A
- government laws and authority action
- improved diet
- medical advances
7
Q
improved diet
A
- changes in farming methods. more produced, more healthier and varied diet.
- fresh food. railways.
- built up resistance to diseases, longer life span.
8
Q
medical advances
A
- vaccinations. smallpox vaxx compulsory for babies by 1853.
- anaesthetics gave patients better change at surviving surgery.
- greater cleanliness. nursing improved.
- better water supply. reduced typhus.
- cures found for cholera
9
Q
improvements in towns
A
- 300 thousand moved to london
- britain ‘workshop of the world’
- acts
- cheap transportation fees
- city centre brought in work
- schools built
10
Q
killer diseases
A
- typhus caused from overcrowding and lice.
- TB caused from bad diet and overcrowding. biggest killer.
- cholera kill within an hour.
- smallpox killed 12 thousand in 1800.
- flu very common
11
Q
people who changed things
A
- Florence Nightingale
- Joseph Lister carbolic acid disinfectant
- John Snow made connection between water and cholera
- Louis Pasteur realised germs spread diseases
- Joseph Bazalgatte built london sewers
- James Simpson chloroform anaesthetic
12
Q
main reasons for improvement
A
- local councils
- medicine and medical knowledge improved
- public health acts
- transport improved
13
Q
why factories were needed
A
- population grew
- cloth quality inconsistent
- cotton merchants imported more raw cotton
- entrepreneurs realised they could make money
- machines too big and expensive for homes
- machines needed power source
14
Q
inventions
A
- flying shuttle for weaving
- spinning jenney
- water frame
- spinning mule
- steam engine
- power loom
15
Q
working in factories
A
- long hours. 14 hours for child.
- low wages. not paid except for overtime.
- punishments: beaten for falling asleep.
- child deformities. knock-knees.
- crushed by machines.
- hot conditions affected health
