changes of state and states of matter Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

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2
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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3
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporating

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4
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensing

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5
Q

solid to gas

A

subliming

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6
Q

solids

A
  • strong attractive forces between particles.
  • form a regular lattice arrangement
  • definite shape and volume
  • vibrate (the hotter it becomes, the more it vibrates)
  • don’t move from positions
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7
Q

Liquids

A
  • weak attractive force between particles
  • randomly arranged but stick together
  • slide through each other
  • definite volume but no definite shape
  • constant movement but random motion. The Hotter the liquid, the faster
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8
Q

Gases

A
  • Attractive force weak, free to move far apart
  • particles move in straight lines.
  • no volume, no shape.
  • the hotter the gas, the faster the particles will move.
  • constant random motion.
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9
Q

three states of matter

A

Solids liquids gases- all matter exists as one of these

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10
Q

particle theory

A

How the particles are arranged and how they move in each of the states of matter.

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11
Q

solids- distance

A

packed together closely

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12
Q

solids- energy

A

a little amount of energy.

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13
Q

solids movement

A

due to the small amount of energy, the particles can only vibrate around a fixed position.

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14
Q

liquid- distance

A

packed closely together

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15
Q

liquid- energy

A

enough energy to move randomly in any direction within the liquid.

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16
Q

liquid- movement

A

slide through each other, random movement, any direction

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17
Q

gas- distance

A

far apart

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18
Q

gas - energy

A

have enough energy to move quickly in any direction within the container.

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19
Q

gas- movement

A

quickly any direction.

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20
Q

A change of state happens when

A

when energy is taken away or added to the state of matter.

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21
Q

sublimation

A

when a solid instantly becomes a gaseous state without going through the liquid state when heated. This only happens to a few substances.

22
Q

the melting point of ice/water

A

0C also freezing point

23
Q

The boiling point of water

A

100C water boils into steam, the steam condenses into water

24
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy that a particle has due to its motion

25
melting
when solid changes into liquid
26
boiling
when liquid changes into a gas
27
freezing
a liquid changes to solid
28
condensing
gas changing to liquid
29
evaporating
liquid changing to gas
30
physical changes are reversible
true
31
diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
32
Diffusion is fastest in a...
gaseous state
33
Speed of Air particles at room temperature
400-500 m/s
34
The motion of particles in a gas or liquid
Brownian motion
35
factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Temperature Surface area Mass of Substance
36
.
.
37
What factors affect gas pressure
temperature, volume, number of particles
38
Particle
a small portion of matter
39
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
40
what does it mean when the melting point appears as a | flat line on the graph?
the substance is pure
41
what does it mean when the melting point appears as something other than a flat line on a graph?
the substance is a mixture
42
diffusion is in gases liquids and solids
fast in gases, slow in liquids, and doesn't happen in solids.
43
why does diffusion happen faster when exposed to higher temperatures?
because particles move faster when hotter and so the spreading of them will be faster.
44
what is diffusion slower with?
it is slower with larger, heavier ones.
45
what causes gas pressure
Gas particles move around, colliding with the walls of a container they are in.
46
why does gas pressure increase when exposed to higher temps?
because particles move faster and therefore | collide more frequently with the container.
47
why is there more pressure when there are more particles?
because there are more particles colliding | with the walls of the container.
48
why does pressure decrease as the size of container | increases?
because particles have more space to move around, so they don’t collide with the walls of the container as often.
49
For a substance to be a solid, the temperature of the surroundings must be
lower than melting point
50
For a substance to be a liquid, the temperature of the surroundings must be
higher than melting point but lower than boiling point
51
For a substance to be a gas, the temperature of the surroundings must be
higher than boiling point