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chem > changes of state and states of matter > Flashcards

changes of state and states of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

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2
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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3
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporating

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4
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensing

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5
Q

solid to gas

A

subliming

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6
Q

solids

A
  • strong attractive forces between particles.
  • form a regular lattice arrangement
  • definite shape and volume
  • vibrate (the hotter it becomes, the more it vibrates)
  • don’t move from positions
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7
Q

Liquids

A
  • weak attractive force between particles
  • randomly arranged but stick together
  • slide through each other
  • definite volume but no definite shape
  • constant movement but random motion. The Hotter the liquid, the faster
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8
Q

Gases

A
  • Attractive force weak, free to move far apart
  • particles move in straight lines.
  • no volume, no shape.
  • the hotter the gas, the faster the particles will move.
  • constant random motion.
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9
Q

three states of matter

A

Solids liquids gases- all matter exists as one of these

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10
Q

particle theory

A

How the particles are arranged and how they move in each of the states of matter.

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11
Q

solids- distance

A

packed together closely

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12
Q

solids- energy

A

a little amount of energy.

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13
Q

solids movement

A

due to the small amount of energy, the particles can only vibrate around a fixed position.

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14
Q

liquid- distance

A

packed closely together

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15
Q

liquid- energy

A

enough energy to move randomly in any direction within the liquid.

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16
Q

liquid- movement

A

slide through each other, random movement, any direction

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17
Q

gas- distance

A

far apart

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18
Q

gas - energy

A

have enough energy to move quickly in any direction within the container.

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19
Q

gas- movement

A

quickly any direction.

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20
Q

A change of state happens when

A

when energy is taken away or added to the state of matter.

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21
Q

sublimation

A

when a solid instantly becomes a gaseous state without going through the liquid state when heated. This only happens to a few substances.

22
Q

the melting point of ice/water

A

0C also freezing point

23
Q

The boiling point of water

A

100C water boils into steam, the steam condenses into water

24
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy that a particle has due to its motion

25
Q

melting

A

when solid changes into liquid

26
Q

boiling

A

when liquid changes into a gas

27
Q

freezing

A

a liquid changes to solid

28
Q

condensing

A

gas changing to liquid

29
Q

evaporating

A

liquid changing to gas

30
Q

physical changes are reversible

A

true

31
Q

diffusion

A

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

32
Q

Diffusion is fastest in a…

A

gaseous state

33
Q

Speed of Air particles at room temperature

A

400-500 m/s

34
Q

The motion of particles in a gas or liquid

A

Brownian motion

35
Q

factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

Temperature
Surface area
Mass of Substance

36
Q

.

A

.

37
Q

What factors affect gas pressure

A

temperature, volume, number of particles

38
Q

Particle

A

a small portion of matter

39
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

40
Q

what does it mean when the melting point appears as a

flat line on the graph?

A

the substance is pure

41
Q

what does it mean when the melting point appears as something other than a flat line on a graph?

A

the substance is a mixture

42
Q

diffusion is in gases liquids and solids

A

fast in gases, slow in liquids, and doesn’t happen in solids.

43
Q

why does diffusion happen faster when exposed to higher temperatures?

A

because particles move faster when hotter and so the spreading of them will be faster.

44
Q

what is diffusion slower with?

A

it is slower with larger, heavier ones.

45
Q

what causes gas pressure

A

Gas particles move around, colliding with the walls of a container they are in.

46
Q

why does gas pressure increase when exposed to higher temps?

A

because particles move faster and therefore

collide more frequently with the container.

47
Q

why is there more pressure when there are more particles?

A

because there are more particles colliding

with the walls of the container.

48
Q

why does pressure decrease as the size of container

increases?

A

because particles have more space to
move around, so they don’t collide with the walls of
the container as often.

49
Q

For a substance to be a solid, the temperature of the surroundings must be

A

lower than melting point

50
Q

For a substance to be a liquid, the temperature of the surroundings must be

A

higher than melting point but lower than boiling point

51
Q

For a substance to be a gas, the temperature of the surroundings must be

A

higher than boiling point

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