Changes in the Earth's Surface Review

Question 1

weathering

Answer 1

The process of breaking down or crumbling rocks and minerals by physical, chemical, or biological processes

Question 2

erosion

Answer 2

The movement of sediment or soil from one location to another by means of water, wind, or ice.

Question 3

sediment

Answer 3

These are the very small pieces of rock that are created from the breakdown of larger rocks.

Question 4

deposition

Answer 4

When particles carried by flowing water, ice, or wind are deposited or dropped into another location.

Question 5

delta

Answer 5

An area of new land at the mouth of a river, formed from sediments carried by the river. As the sediment flows from the river to the ocean, the sediment stops flowing once it reaches the mouth of the river and it begins to settle and create land

Question 6

flood

Answer 6

An event caused by heavy rainfall or water from lakes, rivers, and oceans overflows land that is normally dry.

Question 7

crust

Answer 7

The outer layer of the Earth that is made of rock. This very thin layer of the Earth is what we live on and it can create different types of landforms, such as mountains, lakes, and hills.

Question 8

inner core

Answer 8

The hottest layer of the Earth that is made of solid iron because the high pressure causes it to remain solid even though it is hot.

Question 9

outer core

Answer 9

The very hot layer of the Earth underneath the Mantle that is made of liquid or molten iron.

Question 10

mantle

Answer 10

The hot layer of the Earth made of semisolid rock that is right beneath the crust.

Question 11

arch

Answer 11

This landform or structure is created when soft rock underneath harder rock erodes away first.

Question 12

storm drain

Answer 12

A system of pipes or passages that carry away water from storms.

Question 13

earthquake

Answer 13

A sudden or violent shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust. More than a million of them occur each year! However, most are too small to be felt or cause any damage.

Question 14

fault

Answer 14

A break in the Earth’s crust where pieces of the Earth’s crust slip past one another caused from different types of forces.

Question 15

normal fault

Answer 15

This type of break in the crust is formed when the Earth’s plates are being pulled apart or moved away from each other. This force of being stretched out tight is known as tension.

Question 16

reverse fault

Answer 16

– This type of break in the crust is formed when the crust or the Earth’s plates collide or come together. This force of pushing together is known as compression.

Question 17

strike-slip fault

Answer 17

This type of break in the crust is formed when crust or the Earth’s plates slide past and against each other in opposite directions. The force of rocks sliding against each other is known as shearing, which can cause Earthquakes.

Question 18

volcano

Answer 18

A mountain made of lava, ash, or other materials from eruptions. This landform is formed when magma from within the Earth’s upper mantle works its way to the surface.

Question 19

lava

Answer 19

Hot, melted, and liquefied rock located deep below the Earth’s surface that can rise, overflow, or erupt from the pressure of volcanoes.

Question 20

seismograph

Answer 20

This tool is used to measure earthquakes. It can tell us how strong an earthquake was, how long an earthquake lasts, when an earthquake happened, and it shows where an earthquake might occur in the future.

Question 21

levee

Answer 21

A long block built between land and a river or lake that stops water from washing or flowing over the land. Its main purpose is to prevent flooding.

Question 22

dam

Answer 22

A wall built across a body of water, designed for many purposes such as holding back water for future use, especially during droughts. These are also built to help produce power or electricity by increasing the amount of flowing water.

Question 23

physical weathering

Answer 23

The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces of rock that include, freezing and thawing and actions of humans and animals.

Question 24

chemical weathering

Answer 24

The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces of rock through chemical reactions to form new types of rock. Examples include, acid rain and oxidation.

Question 25

plates

Answer 25

These are large broken pieces of rock from the Earth’s crust that move around a few centimeters per year. As these move around they cause great changes in the Earth’s surface.

Question 26

sand dunes

Answer 26

A hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind.

Question 27

glaciers

Answer 27

A landform made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice masses. These form when snow remains in one location long enough to transform into ice.

Question 28

shield volcano

Answer 28

This is a non-explosive volcano that oozes out thin lava. They are the largest volcanoes on Earth that are tall and wide with flat rounded shapes.

Question 29

strato volcano

Answer 29

This is the most violent and most eruptive volcano that may also erupt from the sides of the mountain. These volcanoes are tall, large, and symmetrically shaped with steep sides.

Question 30

cinder cone volcano

Answer 30

The most common and simple type of volcano that is small and hill-sized with only one opening where eruptions can occur.

Question 31

epicenter

Answer 31

The point of land on the Earth’s surface directly above the location where an earthquake starts.