changes in political landscape Flashcards

1
Q

what were the factors in the decline of the liberal party

A

collapse of party unity
representation of the people act
impact of 1918 general election
failure of lloyd george after 1922

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2
Q

defence of the realm act

A

1914
gave government powers such as
economic controls
rationing
conscription
seen as illiberal by many party members

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3
Q

impact of the representation of the people act

A

1918
ROPA
expanded the electorate by 13million
working class men and some women could vote
80% of electorate was working class
labor party could adapt to the new electorate
1910-1923 labor popularity increased and liberal popularity declined

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4
Q

“coupon election”

A

1918

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5
Q

what was the coupon election?

A

David Lloyd George formed a coalition with the conservitives as he didnt have enough liberal support. those who supported him were issued with a coupon
he won a landslide victory

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6
Q

what was the cash for Honours Scandal?

A

1922
David Lloyd George sold knighthoods and peerages for cash

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7
Q

events leading to Lloyd Georges resign

A

1922 general election
->liberals lacked funds to run an effective campaign
-> withdrawal of the Tories from coalition

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8
Q

labour

A

formed in 1900 youngest party
formed from the labour representation committee of the TUC so closely linked to trade unions
made easier by ROPA as working class could now vote
party for the working class
wartime saw increase in trade union membership -heart of labour support

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9
Q

how did Labour establish independence from the Liberal party?

A

promoted free trade, social reform and internationalism
drew up a new constitution in 1918 tying it to nationalisation of industries
1923 election they capitalised on the liberal split

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10
Q

factors in conservative dominance

A

electoral systems
weakness of opposition
effective organisation
image

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11
Q

how did changes in the electoral system help the conservatives?

A

plural voting ->those who lived in one constituency but had property or attended uni in another could vote in both
redrawing of constituency boundaries -> redrawn the reflect population changes. gave middle class suburbs a greater representation
unfairness of FPTP system ->less votes needed for a tory MP
irish free state -> itish independence
liberals lost support from nationalist mps whereas continued to receive support

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12
Q

how did division in opposition parties help the conservatives?

A

1931 ->many right wing liberals split and formed national liberals who would merge with conservatives ->more members
labour found it difficult to establish themselves outside of traditional industrial heartlands
1931-> Labour divided over how to handle the economic crisis

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13
Q

the conservative party image

A

Stanley Baldwin-> “man of the people” ran his steel factories fairly and promoted a good working relationship between employee and employer

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14
Q

factors in the formation of the national government

A

outcome of the 1929 general election
weakness of labour government
economic problems caused by the depression
Ramsey Macdonald

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15
Q

how did the weakness of the Labour government affect the national government formation?

A

been in power only once before
had to make harsh economic decisions affecting the poor
dependant on liberal support
lost support and were forced to call an election

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16
Q

what was the significance of the 1931 budget?

A

labour struggling to meet its spending commitments
Britain needed loans from USA and France however bankers demanded a balanced budget in return
plans to raise taxes and cut spending caused a split in the party
august 24th 1931 labour resigned as the party of government

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17
Q

Macdonald and the national government

A

king George v and conservative party wanted Macdonald to continue as prime minister
conservatives happy to allow him to continue as PM believing he would take the brunt of any unpopular economic measures
Macdonald announced he would continue as PM and would lead a national government to face the emergency

18
Q

1931 general election

A

Macdonald called for a general election he feared it would split the labour party ->some had joined him as part of the national government and the rest formed their own labour party.
liberals also split
outcome was overwhelming win for national government with conservatives winning most of the seats
labour did badly

19
Q

what challenges did the leaders of the national government face?

A

economic threats
opposition
rise of extreme politics
foreign policy threats

20
Q

MacDonald

A

1931 him and his chancellor Philip snowden go ahead with spending cuts
his health declines and Stanley Baldwin takes over

21
Q

Stanley Baldwin

A

1935->plan to appease fascist Italy and Mussolini2/3 of Abyssinia hugely unpopular
NAZI Germany ->some wanted rearmament and others wanted disarmament
1936 abdication crisis-> tells King Edward viii to abdicate the throne so he could marry wallace simpsom. he was praised for this.

22
Q

chamberlain

A

attempts to find “peace in our time” hugely popular
1938->flew 3 times to see hitler
once war begins he is forced out of parliment due to a vote of no confidence

23
Q

churchill

A

critic of appeasement and an opponent of hittler
set up war cabinet of just 5 people for quicker decisions
creates new ministries
emergency powers act
essential wartime leader
inspirational speeches

24
Q

emergency powers act

A

may 1940
gave wide ranging powers to the British government.

25
British union of fascists
formed by Oswald Mosely in1932 racist and anti-Semitic WW2 made them even more unpopular Mosely arrested for 3 years BUF was banned
26
battle of cable street
October 1936 BUF marched through east London home to many Jews and Irish immigrants turned into a violent clash
27
28
the communist party of great Britain
far left more successful than mosely managed to gain an MP in 1924 and 1935 however only gained 0.4%of the vote stength of labour prevented communism taking off they gain support until russia helps defeat NAZI Germany
29
key characteristics of post war consensus
keynesian economics a mixed economy nationalisation the NHS commitment to full employment a welfare state social security and national insurace introduction of nuclear wepons
30
how did WW2 set the stage for consensus?
the national government proved that rival ministers could work together and reach agreement on policies success of collectivism->problems are tackled by taking away certian rights war changed the role of government shift from free market to a mixed one where gov. used rationing, conscription and censorship beveridge report
31
what was the beveridge report?
1942 outlined vision for a welfare state that would care for someone "cradle to grave" sold 635000 copies labours pledge to impliment the report was a factor in them winning the 1945 election
32
why did labour win landslide victory in the 1945 election?
atlee seen as a man of the people fears over weather churchill could run a peacetime government labour broke off war time coalition after the war promised to impliment the beveridge report in comparission conservatives had no clear agenda the public were desperate for change
33
acts under attlees government
1944 education act 1945 family allowance act 1946 national insurance act 1946 national health service act industrial injuries act
34
attlees government
nationalisation ->coal steel and railways housing->by 1951 1 million good quality council homes were built abolished means testing
35
what changes cause labour to loose the 1951 general election?
high taxation at 45% dissatisfaction with rationing seen as divided whereas conservatives were seen as united conservatives willing to adapt consensus polices
36
1944 education act
universal secondary education split into 3 parts grammer modern and technical schools creates a government ministry of education 900 primary schools built 250 secondary schools built
37
1945 family allowance act
gave money to support those with children
38
1946 national insurance act
paid for through taxes gov provides support in case of sickness unemployment retirement ect.
39
1946 national health service act
gave healthcare to all paid for through taxes allowed formation of NHS in 1948
40
industrial industries act
provided cover for injuries in the workplace
41