Changes in Laryngeal System and FF

Question 1

Newborn

Answer 1

-larynx positioned high in the neck- less area for food and liquid to miss the esophagus and enter the airway
- vocal folds 1/2 cartilaginous- vocal folds open easily; large arytenoid; at birth = 2mm

Question 2

1st 20 years

Answer 2

Vocal fold growht:
male: 0.7mm/ year
female: 0.4mm/ year

Question 3

Lamina Propria

Answer 3

Newborn: 1 layer
Ages 1-4: superficial layer, intermediate and deep = 1 layer
Ages 6-15: all layers are different

Question 4

Adolescent Females

Answer 4

• increased breathiness
• facial development- descent of larynx
• increased circumference of lung and chest

Question 5

Adolescent Males

Answer 5

• variation ages 12-13
• developed ages 15-18
• Falsetto: long stiff vocal folds, minimal movement, high pitch, low effort

Question 6

Older Male Lamina Propria

Answer 6

-less swelling
- loss of fiber
- increased ff

Question 7

Female Lamina Propria (post-menopause)

Answer 7

-superficial layer: swollen, fluid
- intermediate layer: elastic fibers decrease in size
- deep layer: collagenous fibers increase in size and density

Question 8

Male-Female Coalescence Model

Answer 8

Female FF: decreased due to increase fluid in vocal folds
Male FF: increased due to decrease of swelling