Changes Flashcards
Hegar’s sign
extreme softening of uterus
Ballottement
Tapping of the lower uterus, fetus feels like it’s bouncing or rising
Amenorrhea
Absence of period due to rising estrogen levels
Chad wick’s sign
Increase vascular it’s causes walls to become purple (from pink)
Pattern of uterine growth
12-38 weeks
12 above symphysis pubis 16 middle of pubis and umbillicus 20 at umbillicus 36 at xiphoid process 38 primagravida = lightening occurs
At what week does the uterus grow a 1cm each week
20
What happens to the vagina and vulva
Mucosa thickens, prominent ruggae
Glycogen released, in response lactic acid
Ph from 7 to 4.5
What happens to cervix
Chadwick and goodwell’s sign
Operculum
Mucous plug that seals bacteria out, often lost during dilation
Sign of pre term labor if too early
What happens to the heart
Heart sounds?
Pushed upward and to the left
First sound split and a systolic murmur (s3 is very common)
What happens to the blood volume
(Plasma and RBC)
When does it level
Total circulatory blood volume increases
Plasma increases 45% faster than RBC 20%
By second trimester it levels
Is BP the same?
Same, except for when standing
How does the BP change according to trimesters
First tri = normal, decreases during 2nd, increases in 3rd to original in first tri
Lying completely on back causes pressure of the uterus on heart
What is this called
Vena caval syndrome
What is crowing and what does it cause
SOB
Uterus pushes diaphragm 4cm upward
Where does breathing occur
Thoracic instead of abdomen
GI system changes
Hyper emesis gravidarum: intense vomiing
Mouth: pytlalism excess saliva and bleeding gums
Sphincter tone decreases = heart burn
Uterus pushes intestine back to abdomen wall = slow emptying time and peristalsis = constipation
Reabsorption of bilirubin = itching
Pytlalism
Gum bleed and excess saliva
Intense vomiting
Hyper emesis gravidarum
What causes itching
Reabsorption of bilirubin
What hormones relax the pelvis and cause an abnormal stance
Relaxin and progesterone
Curvature of lower spine
Lordosis
What diastsis
Abdomen has difficulty stretching to fit fetus so rectus muscles separate
Pituitary gland
Anterior: prolactin posterior: oxy
Decreased FSH stops period
Increased GH and melanocytes
Thyroid and parathyroid gland
Increase in size because increased need of calcium
Adrenal gland
Increase cortisol and aldosterone to suppress inflammation
Pancreas
First tri decreased insulin
Second and third increased
6 ways placenta alters endocrine system Progesterone Relaxin HCG HPL Prostaglandin
Progesterone: maintains endometrium Relaxin: prevents contractions HCG: P+E while placenta is developing HPL: insulin antagonist and prepares for lactation Prostaglandin: initiates labor
3 positive signs of pregnancy
Auscultation of fetal heart beat
Fetal movement by examiner
Visualization of fetus
Fetal movements felt at what weeks
16-20 by mom
20-24 by examiner
Corpus luteum
Sac filled with proteins and RBC, allows placenta to grow for 16-20 days, after placenta takes over
