Change Management

Question 0

What is systems thinking?

Answer 0

Systems Thinking is a conceptual framework that encompasses the whole, making patterns (and ways to change them) more understandable

Question 1

According to author Peter Senge (1994), what is organizational learning?

Answer 1

A process within organizations in which people at all levels, individually and collectively, are continually increasing their capacity to learn and produce results they really care about.

Question 2

What Is Open Systems Theory?

Answer 2

the view that any organization is a system that absorbs such environmental inputs as people factors, raw materials, capital, and information; uses them in such transformational processes as service delivery or manufacturing methods; and expels them as outputs such as finished goods or customer services.

Question 3

What is a systems view?

Answer 3

the view that any organization is a system that absorbs such environmental inputs as people factors, raw materials, capital, and information; uses them in such transformational processes as service delivery or manufacturing methods; and expels them as outputs such as finished goods or customer services.

Question 4

What are some pros of the chaos and complexity theory?

Answer 4

Flexibility, Creativity, Stability, Leverage

Question 5

What are the 4 C’s of change?

Answer 5

create, communicate, connect, and congratulate

Question 6

What is the appreciative inquiry theory?

Answer 6

an approach to large-scale organizational change that in- volves the analysis of positive and successful (rather than negative or failing) operations. At the core of appreciative inquiry is a belief that reality is socially constructed—that the world is created in conversation

Question 7

The 4-D cycle guides OD practitioners and clients through the appreciative inquiry approach. What are the components of the 4-d cycle?

Answer 7

Discovery
Dream
Design
Destiny

Question 8

What is discovery learning?

Answer 8

The indicator of learning in this method is the learners’ ability to do something after the training that they could not do before.

Question 9

What is Experiential learning?

Answer 9

when a learner participates in an activity, reviews the activity, identifies useful knowledge or skills that were gained, and transfers the result to the workplace.

Question 10

What type of learning activities attempt to duplicate life experience?

Answer 10

Experiential learning activities (ELAs) attempt to duplicate life experience. Participants experience what they are to learn before they discuss it.

Question 11

What are the steps in Pfeiffer and Jones’ experiential learning cycle?

Answer 11

Step 1. Experiencing: Do Something
Step 2. Publishing: Share Observations
Step 3. Processing: Interpret Dynamics or Concepts
Step 4. Generalizing: Connect to Real Life
Step 5. Applying: Plan Effective Change

Question 12

Which of the following uses data collection in the form of collecting people’s stories of something at its best by structuring questions and information to focus on the positive to initiate organizational change?

Action research
Neurolinguistic programming
Chaos and complexity theory
Appreciative inquiry theory

Answer 12

Appreciative inquiry theory

appreciative inquiry is an approach to large-scale organizational change that involves the analysis of positive and successful (rather than negative or failing) operations, which involves collecting data in the form of people’s stories

Question 13

Cooperrider and Srivastva developed the 4-D cycle, which includes discovery, dream, design, and deliver, to guide OD professionals and clients through the appreciative inquiry approach.

Answer 13

False

Although Cooperrider and Srivastva did originate the concept of appreciative inquiry and develop the 4-D cycle, the four Ds in the cycle are discovery, dream, design, and destiny

Question 14

One way that OD practitioners can begin using the appreciative inquiry approach is by adding positively focused questions to their coaching, consulting, and facilitating

Answer 14

True
using positive and hopeful questions that are focused on suc- cesses and possibilities is the most common way to begin a change process that follows the appreciative inquiry approach. Rather than beginning with a full-on appreciative inquiry in an organization, OD practitioners can use this type of questioning to get practice in using the approach

Question 15

What phase of the 4-D cycle includes developing statements such as, “We want to be the employer of choice,”“We want to delight our customers,” and “We want to envision ideas for growth”?

Answer 15

Topic

the outset of an appreciative inquiry process involves determining the topic that the organization will focus on. The topic should be something important to the organi- zation and an area that, if improved, will make a big difference.

Question 16

In what phase of the 4-D cycle do participants explore and discuss their visions, hopes, ideas, and dreams for the future?

Answer 16

Dream

because the dream phase of the 4-D cycle is where the members of the change team will work together to explore possibilities for the future.

Question 17

The 4-D cycle starts with dreams and ends with substantive changes in an organization’s practices, processes, systems, and structures.

Answer 17

True
because the design phase is where plans are made to bring about the vision of the future through provocative propositions. Provocative propositions are statements that bridge the gap between the best of what is and the vision of what might be.

Question 18

An output of the design phase in the 4-D cycle includes powerful statements referred to as provocative propositions.

Answer 18

True
because appreciative inquiry creates an environment that engages and excites people by discovering their aspirations and then makes those dreams come true by changing the organization’s practices, processes, systems, and structures.

Question 19

Although it is critical for teams to identify the desired future state when planning a change initiative, individuals can often design and develop the needed solutions

Answer 19

false because to be successful, the change process requires inclusion and participation even when designing and developing solutions.

Question 20

9. What are the five steps in the Pfeiffer and Jones’s experiential learning cycle?

Topic selection, discover, dream, design, destiny

Experiencing, publishing, processing, generalizing, applying

Using questioning techniques, integrating multidisciplinary learning topics, using experiential activities to expand learning

Seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling, tasting

Answer 20

Experiencing, publishing, processing, generalizing, applying
the five steps in Pfeiffer and Jones experiential learning cycle are experienc- ing, publishing, processing, generalizing, and ap- plying. The first step involves doing something. Next, observations are shared. Then dynamics or concepts are interpreted. These concepts are then applied to real life. Finally, effective change is planned.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a characteristic of experiential learning activities?

They are directed toward a specific goal.

They are unstructured and free form.

They generate data and information for participant analysis.

They require processing or debriefing for maximum learning.

Answer 21

They are unstructured and free form.

experiential learning activities are structured; that is, they have specific steps and a process that must be followed to ensure results.

Question 22

An action learning team is a group of four to eight people who determine the appropriate solution to be implemented when organizations reengineer and go through change.

Answer 22

false because an action learning team, although it does consist of four to eight people, does not determine appropriate solutions when organizations reengineer. The team exam- ines an organizational problem that has no easily identifiable solution.

Question 23

The key benefit of having members from different functional areas of the organization on the action learning team is to provide a multidisciplinary view and fresh perspectives and approaches.

Answer 23

true because action learning teams benefit from a diverse makeup to provide a wide variety of perspectives on a problem.

Question 24

What formula does action learning employ?

Answer 24

L=P+Q+R, where learning (L) is equal to pro- grammed instruction (P) (that is, knowledge in current use, books, the person’s mind, organizational memory, and so on), plus questioning (Q) (fresh insights into what is not yet known), plus reflection (R) (recalling, thinking about, pulling apart, making sense, or trying to understand).

Question 25

What is leadership?

Answer 25

Leadership is a process by which a person influences others (followers) to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and co- herent.

Question 26

What are five basic goals of leadership

Answer 26

1) To create a positive and effective atmosphere for communication
2) To develop and communicate a collective sense of vision
3) To inspire transforming/transformational change
4) To provide a sense of direction for the organization
5) To provide a conduit between the organization and the marketplace.