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Champagne > Champagne Adv - Brainscape > Flashcards

Champagne Adv - Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

What direction do the vineyards of Montagne de Reims face?

A

South and North

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2
Q

What is the prominent grape of the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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3
Q

What district(s) of Champagne do not have any Grand Crus?

A

-Côte de Sezanne
-Côte de Bars (Aube)

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4
Q

What villages were upgraded in 1985 from Premier to Grand Cru?

A

-Verzy (Montagne de Reims)
-Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
-Oiry (Côte de Blancs
-Oger (Côte de Blancs)
-Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (Côte de Blancs)

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5
Q

What lasting contribution did Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin make under the widow’s leadership?

A

The pupitre and thus remuage

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6
Q

What did André François discover?

A

The precise amount of sugar required to induce 2nd fermentation w/o breaking the bottle

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7
Q

Approximately how many growers are in Champagne?

A

20000

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8
Q

What does Chardonnay lend to a Champagne blend?

A

Elegance and longevity

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9
Q

Is malo a universal practice in Champagne?

A

No

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10
Q

What is the dominant soil in the Aube?

A

Clay

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11
Q

When did “mousseux” first appear in connotation w/the wines of Champagne?

A

-1724
-Although Champenoise may have enjoyed intentionally sparkling wines as early as 1700

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12
Q

Name 7 AOPs for traditional method Crémant in France.

A

-Crémant de Bordeaux
-Crémant de Bourgogne
-Crémant de Loire
-Crémant de Limoux
-Crémant de Die
-Crémant du Jura
-Crémant d’Alsace

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13
Q

What moderates the amount of land a firm may farm, owned or rented, in Champagne? What is the max hectares?

A

-Contrôle Structures
-15 hectares

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14
Q

What subsoil is pushed to the surface on Champagne’s slopes?

A

Belemnite Chalk

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15
Q

Champagne now accounts for 1 in ___ bottles of sparkling wine produced worldwide?

A

12

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16
Q

Who released the first Tête de Cuvée?

A

Moët et Chandon’s 1921 “Dom Pérignon” was released in 1936

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17
Q

What is vin clairs?

A

High-acid base wines w/an approximate ABV of 11%

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18
Q

What is a bouvreux?

A

-A second crop
-When rain interrupts flowering, a bouvreux results, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine

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19
Q

What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?

A

Youthful fruitiness and approachability

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20
Q

In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?

A

-Pinot Noir - 38%
-Chardonnay - 30%
-Pinot Meunier - 32%

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21
Q

What are the standard bottle sizes larger than a magnum for Champagne?

A

-Jeroboam (3L)
-Rehoboam (4.5L)
-Methusaleh (6L)
-Salmanazar (9L)
-Balthazar (12L)
-Nebuchadnezzar (15L)
-Solomon (18L)

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22
Q

Describe the continuous method steps.

A

-Base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks
-While undergoing 2nd ferment
-Lees accumulate in the first several tanks
-Offering a high degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard (tank) method

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23
Q

What percent of grapes must originate from a grower’s own vineyards for RM?

A

95%

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24
Q

How much does the ABV rise during the 2nd fermentation?

A

~1.2-1.3%

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25
Q

Name 6 countries major Champagne houses have established outposts in.

A

-USA
-Australia
-Argentina
-Brazil
-New Zealand
-Ukraine

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26
Q

What are the steps of Méthode Champenoise?

A

-Pressing
-Débourbage
-Chaptalization
-Prim. Fermentation
-Clarification
-Assemblage
-Cold Stabilization
-Racking
-Bottling (liqueur de tirage)
-Prise de Mousse (2nd Ferment)
-Autolysis
-Pointage
-Remuage
-Dégorgement
-Dosage
-Corked w/muselet

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27
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house?

A

Ruinart - est. in 1729

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28
Q

What size bottles is tansvasage permitted for?

A

Smaller than the half bottle and larger than the Jeroboam

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29
Q

What is Méthode Rurale?

A

Another name for Méthode Ancestrale

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30
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that will serve to ignite the 2nd fermentation

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31
Q

What is the prominent grape of Vallée de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier (Frost prone region)

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32
Q

What is the first 2,550 L pressed from 4,000kg divided into?

A

-vin de cuvée (2,050L)
-vin de taille (500L)

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33
Q

How long does remuage take?

A

-Traditional ~ 8 weeks
-Modern ~ 1 week

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34
Q

What does RC mean?

A

-Recoltant Coopérateur
-A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label

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35
Q

Name 2 other names for the Charmat Method.

A

-Cuve Close
-Tank Method

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36
Q

In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?

A

102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)

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37
Q

What is another name for the Continuous Method?

A

Russian Continuous Method
(Developed in the USSR)

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38
Q

What are the responsibilities for the CIVC?

A

-Mediating relationships between growers & producers
-Oversee production methods and promotion
-Regulates the size of the harvest
-Authorizes the blocage (reserve) and deblocage (release) of wine/harvest
-Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
-Until 1990, they regulated the pricing of the grapes

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39
Q

What are the 4 vineyards concerns of Champagne?

A

-Frost
-Rain
-Fungal Disease
-Hail

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40
Q

What is a bidule?

A

A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage

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41
Q

Is a cork used during the second fermentation bottling?

A

Usually a crown cap, a cork sometimes (i.e. for prestige cuvées)

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42
Q

What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?

A

“True” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir

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43
Q

What is a muselet?

A

A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle

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44
Q

How many liters is a Methusaleh?

A

6 L (8 bottles)

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45
Q

Who’s 1801 seminal work identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation?

A

Jean-Antoine Chaptal (Chaptalization)

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46
Q

How is the majority of German Sekt produced?

A

Tank or Continuous Method

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47
Q

What is “les bleus de ville”?

A

Remnants of the blue rags used to ship Parisian compost trash, formerly used for fertilizer

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48
Q

What are the two types of dégorgment?

A

-Dégorgement à la glace - modern
-Dégorgement à la volée - older method
-Same, just no freezing, wine is lost

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49
Q

What is the liqueur d’expedition?

A

Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup

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50
Q

What is a Solomon bottle size called in Bordeaux?

A

Melchior

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51
Q

What is a Tête de Cuvée?

A

A prestige cuvée, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer

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52
Q

What was the first single vineyard Champagne?

A

1935 Philiponnt “Clos de Goisses”

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53
Q

Describe Belemnite Chalk.

A

-Porous
-Derived from the fossilized remains of millions of cephalopods
-Absorbing heat to protect the vines at night
-Providing excellent drainage

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54
Q

What is the pressing limit for Crémant?

A

100L from 150kg = 2,666L from 4,000kg

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55
Q

What is the dominant grape of Côte de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

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56
Q

What did the winemaking treatise of 1718 highlight?

A

Division of quality between vin de cuvée and vin de taille, when pressing red grapes for white juice

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57
Q

What did the Champenoise use to color their wines to compete w/the deeper hues of red Burgundy?

A

Elderberry

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58
Q

What is a pupitre?

A

-Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape
-Each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it

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59
Q

What is Rosé de Riceys?

A

-100% Pinot Noir Rosé
-Produced in Les Riceys (Aube)

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60
Q

What is remuage?

A

Riddling

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61
Q

In 1985, what change was made to the Échelle de Crus?

A

A revision set the minimum percentage at 80

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62
Q

When did the growers of Champagne revolt?

A

1911 - rioting in the streets and ransacking houses

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63
Q

What is done in Méthode Ancestrale prior to sale?

A

The wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass

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64
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

A pressurized enamel-lined tank for the 2nd fermentation for the Charmat Method

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65
Q

What is “sur latte” and “sur point”?

A

-“sur latte” - during the 2nd ferment, the bottles are typically horizontal (sur latte)
-“sur point” - the bottles are vertical (sur point) at the end of remuage and rested

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66
Q

How many liters is a Balthazar?

A

12 L (16 bottles)

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67
Q

How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?

A

15 L (20 bottles)

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68
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Vallée de la Marne?

A

-Aÿ
-Tours-sur-Marne (Red grapes only)

69
Q

What is a “marc” of grapes?

A

4,000kg - the amount held in a traditional basket press (coquard)

70
Q

What are the 5 districts of Champagne?

A

-Montage de Reims
-Vallée de la Marne
-Cote de Blancs (the Aube)
-Cote de Sézanne
-Cote de Blancs

71
Q

What is assemblage?

A

blending

72
Q

What bottle size was discontinued in 1989? Why?

A

-Rehoboam - 4.5L (6 bottles)
-Regulations state bottles must be in liter increments

73
Q

What pruning methods are permitted in Champagne?

A

-Cordon de Royat
-Chablis
-Vallée de la Marne
-Double or Simple Guyot

74
Q

What percentage of the blend must come from the stated vintage?

A

100%

75
Q

What major change in the late 17th century allowed the English to probably have enjoyed the first true sparkling Champagne?

A

The English transferred Champagne from cask to stronger, coal fired glass that could contain the pressure. Previously, wood-fired glass was used

76
Q

What region outside of France is considered a natural continuation of the chalk in Champagne?

A

White Cliffs of Dover (England)

77
Q

Why was the CIVC founded?

A

-Built on the framework of the Commissions de Châlons
-A broader consortium of growers, producers and shippers
-To represent the Champagne industry and protect its interests in the face of Nazi occupation

78
Q

What is transvasage?

A

Transfer Method
-Remuage is unnecessary, the wine is disgorged into a pressurized tank and filtered
-Dosage is added and the wine is transferred to a clean bottle under pressure

79
Q

What was Dom Pérignon’s lasting contribution to Champagne? Where was he the cellar master?

A

-Blending
-Abbey of Hautvillers (1668-1715)

80
Q

How many bottles did the Champenoise ship worldwide?

A

338.7 million

81
Q

What is Coteaux Champenois?

A

Still red, white & rosé for the entire appellation of Champagne

82
Q

What is the topsoil of most of Champagne?

A

Sandy and clay

83
Q

When did the INAO decide to meet the burden of demand and broaden the appellation’s area? From what to what?

A

-2009
-319 to 357

84
Q

What portion of the Champagne sold is produced by growers?

A

Under a quarter

85
Q

Name 6 appellations in France that may be mousseux or pétillant and are produced by the traditional method.

A

-Vouvray
-Montlouis-sur-Loire
-Saumur
-Vin de Savoie
-Seyssel (Savoie)
-Blanquette de Limoux

86
Q

What are the requirements for Special Club members?

A

-Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
-Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
-The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
-Must have identical labels and bottle shape

87
Q

What is débourbage?

A

Settling of the must

88
Q

What direction do the vineyards of the Côte de Blancs face?

A

Southeast and East

89
Q

What portion of the Champagne market is NV?

A

three-quarters

90
Q

Is all Cava traditional method?

A

Yes

91
Q

What does the Charmat Method emphasize in a sparkling wine?

A

Fruit and varietal aromatics

92
Q

What does CM mean?

A

-Coopérative Manipulant
-A growers’ co-operative that produces wine under a single brand

93
Q

How many g/L of RS are permitted for Demi-Sec?

A

-Pre-2010 - 33-50g/l
-Current - 32-50g/l

94
Q

How many g/L RS are permitted for Doux?

A

-Pre-2010 - 50+g/L
-Current - 50+g/L

95
Q

How many g/L of RS is permitted for Extra Brut?

A

-Pre-2010 - 0-6g/l
-Current - 0-6g/l

96
Q

What is the second layer soil that characterizes Champagne’s valley vineyards?

A

Micraster Chalk - name for the extinct sea urchin

97
Q

Which Grand Cru is red only? White only?

A

-Red - Tours-sur-Marne (Vallée de la Marne)
-White - Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)

98
Q

What percentage of the year’s harvest for a single house may be sold as vintage Champagne?

A

Max 80%

99
Q

When was Champagne delimited? What region was left out? When was it added?

A

-1908
-Aube
-1927

100
Q

What parallel is Champagne located on?

A

48th

101
Q

What is the mean annual temperature of Champagne?

A

50ºF (10ºC)

102
Q

What does MA mean?

A

-Marque d’Acheteur
-A “buyer’s own brand”, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

103
Q

What vintage during WWI (1914-1918) was considered one of the finest vintages of the century?

A

1914

104
Q

What was the Commissions de Châlons?

A

-Predecessor to the CIVC
-Est. in 1935
-A consortium of growers and merchants
-Formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

105
Q

When was compost fertilizer outlawed in Champagne?

A

1998

106
Q

What is a matriculation number?

A

A series of digits that is a unique ID assigned to each producer by the CIVC

107
Q

How many half twists are used to secure the muselet?

A

6

108
Q

What is the Prise de Mousse?

A

Second Fermentation

109
Q

How many liters is a Solomon?

A

18L (24 bottles)

110
Q

The early unpredictability of sparkling wines created a need for terminology, what were those terms?

A

-Pétillant
-Demi-Mousseux (Crémant)
-Grand Mousseux

111
Q

What is the “Club Trésors”? When was it organized?

A

-Special Club
-1971

112
Q

What is the Special Club?

A

-A dozen grower-producers
-Lacking marketing budgets of larger houses, they banded together to promote their prestige cuvées through identical packaging

113
Q

How long must NV wines spend on their lees?

A

12 months

114
Q

How many atmospheres of pressure are in a Champagne bottle?

A

5-6

115
Q

What are bourbes?

A

Solids, generally removed by racking prior to fermentation

116
Q

What does ND mean?

A

-Négociant Distributeur
-A middle man company that distributes Champagne it did not make

117
Q

How long must NV wines remain in the cellar? Vintage?

A

-15 months
-36 months

118
Q

How many g/l of RS are permitted for Extra Dry?

A

-Pre-2010 - 12-20g/l
-Current - 12-17g/l

119
Q

What is a remuer?

A

A riddler

120
Q

What are the sweetness levels for Champagne?

A

-Extra Brut
-Brut
-Extra Dry
-Sec
-Demi-Sec
-Doux

121
Q

What percentage of vineyards do merchant houses own in Champagne?

A

Just over 10%

122
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?

A

-Gosset
-Est. in 1584 as a still wine producer

123
Q

Who developed the Charmat Method in the late 20th century?

A

Eugene Charmat

124
Q

What is a Piccolo?

A

A quarter bottle - 187ml

125
Q

What does NM mean?

A

-Négociant Manipulant
-A house that purchases base wines and grapes from growers and smaller houses

126
Q

What are the obscure authorized varieties of Champagne?

A

-Pinot Blanc Vrai
-Arbane
-Pinot Gris
-Petit Meslier

127
Q

Must a prestige cuvée be vintage?

A

Usually (but not always)

128
Q

In 2006, what were the yields in Champagne?

A

They surpassed 82hl/ha

129
Q

What is the average vine age in Champagne?

A

20 years - as lowered productivity is undesirable to most houses in Champagne

130
Q

Name 5 important Special Club members.

A

-Marc Hébrat
-Paul Bara
-J. Lassalle
-Gaston Chiquet
-Pierre Gimonnet

131
Q

What are the still wine appellations of Champagne?

A

-Coteaux Champenois
-Rosé de Ricey

132
Q

What coloring methods are permitted for pink Champagne?

A

-Saignée
-Blending (more common)

133
Q

How many liters is a Salmanazar?

A

9L (12 bottles)

134
Q

What does SR mean?

A

-Société de Récoltants
-A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands

135
Q

What does Pinot Noir lend to a Champagne blend?

A

Supports the wine’s structure, richness and body

136
Q

How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?

A

504

137
Q

From 2010 forward, producers are allowed what margin for g/l RS for styles?

A

+/- 3 g/l of RS

138
Q

What is the wire cage used to secure the cork called?

A

muselet

139
Q

How many g/l of RS are permitted for Sec?

A

-Pre-2010 - 17-35g/l
-Current - 17-32g/l

140
Q

At what pressure is the Charmat 2nd fermentation stopped? How?

A

-Usually 5 atmospheres
-Chilling the wine to arrest the fermentation

141
Q

Where did Otto Klaebisch, the weinführer, take residence during WWII?

A

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Estate

142
Q

What does CIVC stand for? When was it founded?

A

-Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne
-1941, by Count Robert-Jean Vogüé of Moët et Chandon

143
Q

What are the 3 extractions in the pressing process called?

A

-vin de cuvée
-vin de taille
-rebêche

144
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims (north to south)?

A

-Sillery
-Puisieulx
-Beaumont-sur-Vesle
-Verzenay
-Mailly
-Verzy (added in 1985)
-Louvois
-Bouzy
-Ambonnay

145
Q

How many g/l of RS is permitted for Brut?

A

-Pre-2010 - 0-15g/l
-Current - 0-12g/l

146
Q

How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Primat? What is it also known as?

A

-AKA Goliath
-27L (36 bottles)

147
Q

How long is Asti DOCG required to remain in tank?

A

1 month

148
Q

What two premier crus have a 99% ranking échelle?

A

-Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (Vallée de la Marne)
-Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)

149
Q

Is a dosage allowed for méthode ancestrale wines?

A

No, RS of the finished wines vary by appellation

150
Q

What is rebêche?

A

-The third extraction
-Required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total pressing
-Used for distillate

151
Q

What is the Échelle de Crus?

A

-A percentile system by which the villages, or crus, of Champagne are rated
-Grand Cru = 100%
-Premier Cru = 99-90%

152
Q

What does RM mean?

A

-Récoltant Manipulant
-A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit

153
Q

Who released the first brut Champagne? When?

A

-Pommery “Nature”
-1874

154
Q

When is the additional acreage added to Champagne forecasted to affect sales?

A

2021

155
Q

What grape is prominent in the Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

156
Q

How many liters is a Jeroboam?

A

3L (4 bottles)

157
Q

Name 3 examples of Méthode Ancestrale.

A

-Bugey de Cerdon
-Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale
-Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise

158
Q

Who were the major suppliers to domestic markets in France in the 2nd half the 20th century?

A

co-operatives

159
Q

When did Champagne receive AOC status? What is unique about Champagne’s AOC status?

A

-1936
-It is the only AOC/AOP that does not need to be included on the label

160
Q

What are the Grand Crus of the Côte de Blancs (North to South)?

A

-Chouilly (White grapes, added in 1985)
-Oiry (1985)
-Cramant
-Avize
-Oger (1985)
-Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (1985)

161
Q

What does Pinot Meunier mean?

A

“Miller’s” Pinot - in reference to the dusty leaves

162
Q

What is “pointage”?

A

A brisk shake to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle during remuage
-Newer strains generally preclude the need

163
Q

What important houses were founded in the 18th century?

A

-Ruinart
-Taittinger
-Moët et Chandon
-Delamotte
-Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin

164
Q

What is the name of the Veuve Clicquot?

A

Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin

165
Q

Name 2 wineries leading the way in England sparkling wine.

A

Located in Sussex
-Ridgeview Estate
-Nyetimber

166
Q

How long does the 2nd fermentation last?

A

Up to 8 weeks

167
Q

Name 4 Champagne producers that disgorge late.

A

-Bollinger “RD” (Récemment Dégorge)
-Jacquesson “DT” (Dégorgement Tardif)
-Dom Pérignon “Oenotheque”
-Bruno Paillard

168
Q

What is a half bottle called?

A

Demi

169
Q

How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Sovereign?

A

25 L (33.33 bottles)

Champagne (6 decks)

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