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Champagne > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

Maximum amount of RS in a Brut Nature

A

3G/L

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2
Q

Range of Sugar (in g/l) in champagne designated as Extra Sec

A

12-17g/l

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3
Q

Minimum RS for champagne labelled Doux

A

50g/l

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4
Q

Champagne designated demi-sec can have RS ranging between what

A

32-50g/l

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5
Q

Levels of Sweetness in Champagne

A 
Brut Nature: 0-3
Extra Brut: 0-6
Brut: 0-12
Extra Sec: 12-17
Sec: 17-32
Demi-Sec: 32-50
Doux: 50
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6
Q

What is a Bidule

A

A small plastic “cup” inserted into the neck of the champagne bottle to collect the sediment that forms during secondary fermentation

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7
Q

What is the Carnet de Pressoir

A

It is the logbook that keeps a record of the weight of the grapes heading to the press

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8
Q

What is “wet champagne/champagne humide”

A

Referring to the Kimmeridgean marls of the Aube that retain water

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9
Q

What is dry champagne/champagne pouilleuse

A

Areas of champagne with a chalk soil. This sucks the moisture from the overhead soil, making the land devoid of most plant life but great for vine growing

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10
Q

What is a Coquard

A

A wide shallow version of the traditional basket press

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11
Q

How many litres of juice are allowed to be used from the first press

A

2050

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12
Q

Cuvée has two meanings in champagne. Name them

A

1) the blended wine before secondary fermentation

2) the first 2050 litres of juice, drawn from the first pressing

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13
Q

Dégorgement a la Glace vs Dégorgement a la Volée

A

Disgorging via brine bath vs disgorging by hand

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14
Q

Define Première Taille

A

After the first press/cuvée, the next 500 litre

“First cut”

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15
Q

Define Deuxième Taille

A

After the First Cut, the next 116 litres of juice. This is not allowed in the production of champagne, but can be used for still wine production

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16
Q

The name for the trash that was used as fertilizer in Champagne from 1960-1998

A

Gadoux

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17
Q

Define the term Late Disgorged

A

A champagne that has undergone extended time aging sur pointe before being released to the market

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18
Q

Define Liqueur de Tirage

A

A mixture of yeast and sugar added to start the secondary fermentation

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19
Q

What is Marque Auxillaire

A

A private label bottling

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20
Q

The french name for the wire cage that holds the cork down

A

Muselet

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21
Q

Define Poignetage

A

The act of shaking a bottle as it is moved in order to dislodge yeast that is sticking to the sides of the glass

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22
Q

Define Ratafia

A

A combination of grape spirit and unfermented grape juice (fortified to 20%)

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23
Q

What is Remplissage

A

When one tops up a bottle of disgorged wine with more of the same champagne

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24
Q

Define Vin de Goute

A

Free run juice

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25
Q

Min aging for NV champagne

A

15 months from time of tirage

12 months on lees

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26
Q

Min aging of Vintage Champagne

A

36 months from date of Tirage

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27
Q

What are the 6 Grand Cru communes of the Cote des Blancs

A 
Chouilly
Oiry 
Cramant
Avize 
Oger 
Mesnil-Sur-Oger
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28
Q

1 Grand Cru of the Vallée de la Marne

A

Ay

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29
Q

What are the 9 GC of the Montagne de Reims

A 
Sillery 
Puisieuix
Beaumont-Sur-Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly-Champagne
Verzy 
Louvois
Bouzy 
Ambonnay
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30
Q

How many members of Special Club are there

A

28

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31
Q

What would RC tell you on a label of champagne

A

A wine made by a co-op, then sold under a grape grower’s individual label

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32
Q

What would SR tell you on the bottle of champagne

A

Wine made and sold by a co-op of growers

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33
Q

A private label champagne would have what initials written on the label

A

MA

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34
Q

What is the governing body of Champagne

A

CIVC

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35
Q

Allowable amount of Pinot M in Rosé des Riceys

A

Zero

Must be 100% Pinot NoiR

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36
Q

What is the maximum amount of a year’s harvest that can be sold as vintage champagne

A

80%

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37
Q

Inaugural vintage for Bollinger’s R.D.

A

1952 (released in 1967)

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38
Q

Bollinger is located in what village

A

Ay

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39
Q

The prestige cuvée of Perrier-Jouët

A

Belle Époque

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40
Q

Who produces La Grand Dame

A

Veuve Clicquot

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41
Q

Selosse’s Substance is what style of champagne

A

Blanc de Blancs

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42
Q

Selosse is based out of what village in champagne

A

Avize (in the Aube)

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43
Q

Who produces Clos du Mesnil

A

Krug

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44
Q

Who produces Cuvée Spéciale les Chétillons

A

Pierre Peters

100% chard

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45
Q

What was the inaugural vintage of Clos des Goisses

A

1935

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46
Q

Clos des Goisses is primarily what grape

A

70% pinot

30% chard

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47
Q

Which Champagne house invented the Muselet

A

jacquesson

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48
Q

The quantity of fruit in a coquard is known as what.

How much juice can it yield

A

The Marc

At approximately 4 tons, it yields 2666 litres of juice

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49
Q

Name 3 champagne houses that prefer fermentation in oak

A

Krug
Bollinger
Gratien

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50
Q

What is the limit of sugar permissible during the Liqueur de Tirage

A

27g/l

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51
Q

What is the maximum amount of additional alcohol created during the secondary fermentation

A

1.5%

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52
Q

Roerderer’s Cristal was originally made for what important figure

A

The Czar Alexander The 2nd

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53
Q

Drapier is a producer in what region

A

Cotes des Bar

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54
Q

Selosse is located in what village

A

Avize

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55
Q

Vilmart is based in what subzone

A

Montagne de Reims

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56
Q

Most planted grape in Ambonnay

A

PN

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57
Q

Trellising system in Champagne

A

Cordon de Royat for PN/PM

Chablis for Chardonnay

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58
Q

When would you classically harvest in the region

A

Late October

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59
Q

How big is Clos de Goisses

A

5.5 ha

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60
Q

First vintage of Clos des Goisses

A

1935

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61
Q

Clos des Goisses overlooks what river

A

The Marne

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62
Q

Clos des Goisses is in what village

A

Mareuil-Sue-Ay

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63
Q

Paul Bara Grand Rosé is a mono cru from what village

A

Bouzy

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64
Q

What was the first mono cru wine in Champagne

A

Salon In Le Mesnil sur Oger

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65
Q

When was Louis Roederer founded

A

1776

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66
Q

Sugar choices for Chanpagne and their contribution to the wine

A

Cane Sugar - easily dissolves though some feel it oxidizes too easily

Beet Sugar - adds richness/earthiness

MCR - can use less and still does the same job

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67
Q

Characteristics of Pinot Meunier in the vineyard

A

Late budding
Early ripening
Resistant to frost and mildew
Likes clay soils

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68
Q

The special club bottling by Champagne Moussé is based on what grape variety

A

100% Meunier

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69
Q

Define Jetting

A

Injecting nitrogen after dosage to ensure reductive characteristics

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70
Q

The Marne Valley is known for what grape

A

Meunier

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71
Q

Characteristics of Arbane

A

Low yielding
Small bunches
Produces a weightier style of wine

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72
Q

What is Sur Latte Purchasing

A

The purchase and relabelling of a finished bottle of champagne

Frowned upon tho does continue to a small degree

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73
Q

Alfred Gratien is based in what village

A

Epernay

- makes a very oxidative style of wine, fermented in wood, manually riddled and disgorges

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74
Q

What style of champagne does Ruinart make

A

Reductive

  • younger reserve wines
  • stainless steel (was first house to go all stainless)
  • lower dosage
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75
Q

Define importance of Professor Robinet

A

Discovered correct proportion of liqueur de tirage to begin secondary fermentation

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76
Q

In what year did king Louie first allow wine to be shipped in bottle

A

1728

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77
Q

The Butte de Saran is a topographical feature in what subzone

A

Cote des Blancs (bordering Oiry and Cramant)

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78
Q

How do wines sourced from grapes from Avize differ from Oger

A

Oger is austere, linear

Avize is powerful, riper

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79
Q

Diebolt-Vallois is an estate in what commune?

A

Cramant

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80
Q

The champagne wine region consists of what three departments

A

Aube, Marne and Aisne (south to north, sort of)

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81
Q

How many villages are there in the Champagne Viticole

A

319

17 grand cru, 42 1er Cru

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82
Q

when was the first intentionally sparkling wine made in Champagne

A

approx 1695/1698

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83
Q

approx how many bottles of champagne are produced each year

A

312 million (2015)

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84
Q

what was the first prestige cuvee

A

Dom Perignan (1937)

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85
Q

minimum potential alcohol needed before harvesting can occur

A

9%

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86
Q

define débourbage

A

juice settling (particulate matter falls out of solution)

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87
Q

why might you add benonite clay when adding the liqueur de tirage

A

to help with the riddling process, it keeps lees from sticking to the bottles. It will be disgorged before final bottling

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88
Q

define “peptides”

A

2 or more amino acids bound together

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89
Q

typically, how much of the total volume of bottle does the dosage make up

A

1%

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90
Q

define peseur

A

the weighing of a harvest of grapes

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91
Q

what is the carnet de pressoir

A

the logbook by which grape harvest is measured each year

champagne in the only region in france with mandatory weight records

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92
Q

what is the fete de cochelet

A

the celebration at the end of harvest

93
Q

define “reserve individuelle”

A

an extra quantity of grapes a grower is allowed to harvest and stockpile in case of a bad future vintage. It is not permitted for champagne production until it is officially released by the CIVC. The amount of allowable amount of grapes varies by year (in 2014, it was 3100 kg/ha). When it is allowed to be released, it is referred to as reserve de deblocage.

94
Q

define “libre”

A

the total amount of allowable yield to be made into champagne. It is a combination of the rendement d’appellation Champagne and the reserve de deblocage.

95
Q

define DPLC

A

Depassement du Plafond Limite de Classement ( the excess vinified grapes that are not permitted for use in Champagne production. They are sold to a distillerary and must exist the winery by December 15th of the year following harvest.

96
Q

LVMH owns what champagne houses

A 
Moet
Dom P
Ruinart
Krug
Veuve
Mercier
97
Q

The three villages of the Rosé des Riceys AOC

A

Ricey-Haut
Ricey Bas
Ricey-Haute-Rive

98
Q

what champagne house produces a Coteaux Champenois named La Cote aux Enfants

A

Bollinger

99
Q

define rebeche

A

the final 116 litres of juice extract from the press. it used in the production of Ratfia

100
Q

minimum aging for
Ratafia
Ratafia Vieux
Ratafia Tres Vieux

A

Ratafia = 10 months
Ratafia Vieux = 3 years
Ratafia Tres Vieux = 8 years

101
Q

How do Fine Champenois and Marc de Champagne differ

A

Fine Champenois is an eau de vie distilled from grapes authorizied for champagne production

Marc de Champagne is an eau de vie distilled from the pomace of pressed champagne grapes

102
Q

what is the most popular rootstock used in champagne

A

41b (more than 80% of vines are planted on it, as it has an affinity for chalky soils

103
Q

what pruning method is used exclusively for Pinot Meunieur

A

Vallée de la Marne

similar to double guyot but the two canes run in the same direction

104
Q

Mont Aimé is in what sub region

A

Cotes des Blanc

South of the village of Vertus, flinty soils

105
Q

Larmandier-Bernier is located in what sub region

A

Cotes Des Blanc

- Vertus

106
Q

The Vesle River runs through what subregion

A

Montagne de Reims (just south of Reims)

107
Q

What two villages in the Montagne de Reims are known for Chardonnay production

A

Trépail and Villers-Marmery

Both have chalk soils and face east

108
Q

What is the general aspect of the village of Bouzy

A

South facing

109
Q

What tributary of the Marne River rubs between the Cote des Blancs and the Cote de Sezanne

A

Petit Morin

110
Q

In what village in the Cote des Blancs would one be most likely to find Pinot Noir

A

Vertus

111
Q

Etrechy is a 1er Cru village in what subregion

A

Val du Petit Morin

Just SW of Vertus

112
Q

What is the only ranked village in the Val du Petit Morin

A

Etrechy

113
Q

What is the only ranked village in the Coteaux Sud d’Epernay

A

Pierry

114
Q

Where is the Coteaux Sud d’Epernay

A

SE of Epernay,

north of the Cote des Blanc

115
Q

In what year was the CIVC founded

A

1941

116
Q

When was the first vintage of Clos de Mesnil

A

1979

117
Q

Who was the first Special Club producer to release a rosé wine

A

Paul Bara

118
Q

What style of champagne is Vielles Vignes Francaises

A

100% Pinot Noir

119
Q

The grapes for Bollinger’s Vielles Vignes Francaise are sources from where

A

Two plots in the village of Ay: Chaudes Terres and Clos St. Jacques

Ungrafted and planted en foule

120
Q

When was the first vintage of Vielles Vignes Francaise

A

1970

121
Q

Who produces Clos du Moulin

A

Cattier

In Ludes

122
Q

Smallest GC village in MdR

A

Puisieulx

123
Q

How many villages are in Champagne Viticole

A

357

124
Q

How long does Blanc de Millionaires age on its lees

A

15 years

125
Q

First brut champagne released and by who

A

Pommery 1874

126
Q

Define Bourbs

A

Left over skin from settled juice

127
Q

How many bottles does a gyropalette hold

A

504

128
Q

Max extraction for champagne production

A

102 litres of must per 160 kg of grapes

129
Q

When did selosse’s solera start

A

1986

130
Q

Champ Cain is a single vineyard release from what producer and where is it from

A

Jacquesson (avize)

131
Q

In what year was Les Mesnil promoted to a Cote des Blancs Grand Cru

A

1985

132
Q

Le Mont Joly, Monts Martin and Les Musettes are lieu dit in what commune

A

Le Mesnil

133
Q

define “cork juponé” vs “cork Chevillé”

A

Juponé refers to the mushroom shaped nature of a young cork after release.

Chevillé refers to the peg shape of an older cork, as it breaks down overtime and doesnt reexpand when released

134
Q

approximately how many champagne houses are there?

A

340

135
Q

Drappier’s NV is predominantly what grape?

A

Pinot Noir

136
Q

Maximum amount of sugar that can be added for Liqueur de Tirage

A

27g (limiting amount of additional alcohol to 1.5%)

137
Q

why might bentonite clay be added during the Liqueur de Tirage phase

A

to assist with riddling

138
Q

What historic grape would have been used for “Vin de la rivière”?

A

Gouais Blanc

139
Q

What historic grape would have crafted Vin de la Montagne

A

Gouais Noir

140
Q

In champagne, gouais blanc was known locally as what

A

Marmot

141
Q

When did Pinot Noir make its first appearance in Champagne?

A

1500s

142
Q

How many grams of sugar will equal 1 atm of pressure

A

4

143
Q

How many bottles of wine could be riddled by hand in a day

A

40,000

144
Q

What is bas vin

A

The cloudy left over wine after disgorgement

145
Q

Who patented disgorgement a la glace

A

Armand Walfard, a Belgian, in 1884

146
Q

When did champagne begin to become dry

A

1850s (for US and British Markets)

147
Q

The muselet replaced what original type of bottle seal

A

Ficelage (string and cork)

148
Q

Jacquesson is based in what village

A

Dizy

149
Q

Generally speaking, which fermentation in champagne is longer?

A

The 2nd (around 30 days) vs the 1st (7-10 days)

150
Q

What is the rendement d’appellation Champagne

A

The annual yield

151
Q

The villages of rosé des riceys flank what river

A

Laignes

152
Q

When was the AOC of Coteaux Champenois created?

A

1974

153
Q

What is the name of Bollinger’s Coteaux Champenois?

A

La Cote aux Enfants

154
Q

Min RS of Ratafia

A

110g/l

155
Q

How is Ratafia made?

A

Champagne grape must (coming from the rebeche) fortified with grape spirit (made from champagne grapes).

Abv 16-22%

156
Q

What is the difference between Marc de Champagne and Fine Champenois

A

Marc is made from pomace

Fine is made from distilling wine

157
Q

What is the maximum amount of harvest that can be used for vintage champagne production.

A

80%

In actually practice, usually only 20% is used

158
Q

Generally speaking, how is Rosé champagne made

A

10-20% of still red wine is added to still white wine before the secondary fermentation

Saignée is also possible though rarer

159
Q

Champagne receives an average of how many hours of sunlight

A

1650

160
Q

Avg price of a hectracre of land in champagne

A

850,000

161
Q

What two villages were recently recommended for removal from the champagne viticole

A

Germaine

Orbais-l’Abbaye

162
Q

What area is referred to as the Tardenois

A

The area encompassing the Vesle and Ardre river valleys heading west from Reims

Mostly Pinot Meunier
Villages of Sacy, Vrigny, Ecueil, etc

163
Q

Monts de Berru is most planted to what grape

A

Chardonnay

164
Q

Vitry-le-Francois is mostly planted to what grape

A

Chardonnay

165
Q

The Cotes des Bar is subdivided into what 2 subregions

A

Bar - Sur -Aubes (in the north

Barséquanais (in the south)

166
Q

What was Reims called during the Roman Era

A

Durocortorum

167
Q

Describe the importance of the Treaty of Verdun

A

Created a three way division of Charlemagne’s empire, giving Charles the west (modern day western France) Lothair the east (hence the Lorraine area) and Louis what is now Germany

168
Q

who produces Clos St Hillaire

A

Billecart-Salmon (bdb)

169
Q

who produces Grand Sendree

A

Drappier (single vineyard, vintage dated, PN/Chard blend)

170
Q

first vintage of dom perignan

A

1921

171
Q

what is the the largest village in reims

A

Verzy

172
Q

Vauolrent is a 1er cru nested within what large one

A

Fourchaume

173
Q

name two 1er cru of the Cotes des Blanc

A

Cuis and Vertus

174
Q

what years in the 1980s was salon produces

A

82, 83, 85, 88

175
Q

Egly-Ouriet’s Les Vigne de Vrigny is based on what grape

A

Meunier

176
Q

what is the tete de cuvee of de Venoge

A 
Les Vins des Princes (bdb)
Louis XV (pinot/chard)
177
Q

Who produces Cuvee Louis
Where is it made
What are the grapeS

A

Tarlant
Valle de Marne
PN/Chard

Oak aged, rich

178
Q

where are the Ardennes hills?

A

separate champagne from belgium

179
Q

what two rivers run through the Aube

A

Seine and Aube

180
Q

what are the grapes used in Aubry’s Le Nobre d’Or Campanae Vetres Vites,

A

secondary varietals like arbanne and petit meslier

181
Q

when was the civc formed

A

1941

182
Q

what is transversage

A

the transferring of champagne to a large vat to be rebottled in unique formats

183
Q

what is Bouvreaux

A

a 2nd crop of grapes that appears during flowering. note used for wine production

184
Q

Who produces Coeur de Cuvee

A

Vilmart (80 chard/20Pinot from Rilly-la-Montagne 1er cru)

185
Q

Who produces Celebris

A

Gosset (Pinot/Chard from multiple vineyards)

186
Q

what is the smallest village in reims

A

puissileux

187
Q

Who mAkes cuvee paradis

A

Alfred Gratien

Chard/Pinot blend from epernay

188
Q

Clos Tarin was the original name of what famous wine

A

Clos de Mesnil

189
Q

what is the inaugral vintage of Krug’s Clos de Mesnil

A

1979

190
Q

what is the inaugral vintages of Krug’s Clos d’Ambonnay

A

1995

191
Q

Name 3 single vineyard champagnes from the Cotes des Blancs

A

Clos de Mesnil
Les Chetillions
Les Carelles (Le Mesnil)

192
Q

Name two of Selosse’s 100% Pinot Noir wines

A

Sous Le Mont (Mareuil)

Le Bout du Clos (Ambonnay)

193
Q

Selosse’s Substance is sourced from what village

A

Avize

194
Q

what style of wine is Selosse’s Il Était Un Fois

A

chard-based fortified wine.

the solara is in his parking lot

195
Q

what is the primary difference between Selosse’s Initial and Version Originale

A

Initial comes from the lower slopes
VO comes from the higher slopes

both are made from a combination of three years from 3 villages (Avize, Cramant, oger)

196
Q

Who produces Liesse d’Harbonville

A

Ployez-Jacquemart

197
Q

Cedric Bouchard’s domaine name

A

Roses De Jeanne

198
Q

what is the name of Cedric Bouchard’s saignee rose

A

Creux d’Enfers

199
Q

what is the name of Cedric Bouchard’s 100% chard bottling

A

La Haute-Lamblé

200
Q

Marie Courtin’s “Presence” is a blend of what two grapes

A

chard/pinot blanc

201
Q

Egly-Ouriet is in what village

A

Ambonnay

202
Q

describe Egly-Ouriet’s VP Extra Brut

A

extended lees aging (7 years) before release, mostly pinot

203
Q

describe Selosse’s Exquise

A

a sec wine with 24 g/l made from 100% chard

204
Q

what was the first vintage of Pierre Peter’s Les Chetillions

A

1971

205
Q

Horiot is most famous for wine in what aoc

A

rose des riceys

206
Q

how many bottles in a gyro palette

A

504

207
Q

how was the 2001 vintage

A

bad

208
Q

what two parcels produce Vielles Vigne Francais

A

clos saint jacques

chaudes terres

209
Q

name three vintages of Salon

A

2002
1999
1997

210
Q

what is pointage

A

shaking the bottles to stop sediment from getting stuck

211
Q

what is the max press yield

A

102 litre per 160 kg

212
Q

what is the grape of Cedric Bouchard La Boloree

A

pinot blanc

213
Q

what is the grape of Egly-Ouriet’s Les Crayeres

A

Pinot Noir (from Ambonnay)

214
Q

what is the best vintage of champagne in the 1920s

A

1921

215
Q

how many bottles can a Pupitre hold

A

120

216
Q

what are the best vintages of champagne in the 80s

A

85,88,89

217
Q

who produces Femme de Champagne

A

Duval Leroy

218
Q

who made the first vintage champagne

A

perrier jouet 1825

219
Q

name three solera method bottlings

A

Selosse Substance
Bereche Reflets d’Antan
Olivier Horiot Solera
Loriot-Pagel Perpetuelle Reserve

220
Q

what was the earliest pick date in champagne since 1960? latest?

A

1972 (10/12)
2022 (8/18)

221
Q

how much voltis is authorized in champagne

A

5%

222
Q

who produces Cuvee Josephine

A

Joseph Perrier
located in Marne Valley

223
Q

who is the only special club producer in the aube

A

remy messin

224
Q

most planted grape in Trepail 1er cru

A

chardonnay

225
Q

a 100% PG wine

A

Drappier’s Trop M’en

226
Q

Who produces the cuvees Vignes de Montgeux and Le Cotet

A

Jacques Lassaignes
(chardonnay)

227
Q

vinification requirement of Rose des Riceys

A

whole cluster fermentation

228
Q
A

Champagne (2 decks)

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