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TL- Champagne > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?

A

True Pinot Blanc- a white form of PN

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2
Q

Who was the first person to figure out the right amount of sugar to add so the bottle wouldn’t break?

A

Andre Francois

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3
Q

Best champagne vintages of the past 20 years

A

96,2002,2008,2012,2015

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4
Q

Major viticultural concerns in champagne/

A

Frost
Rain
Fungal Disease
Hail

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5
Q

What is 102/160

A

The CIVC set in 1992 a max of 102Lof must/160kg of grapes or 2550L/4000kg

4000kg is a marc of grapes or the amount held in a traditional basket press

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6
Q

Who assigns the matriculation number on a bottle of champagne?

A

CIVC

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7
Q

What is the only AOC/AOP that does NOT need to include the AOC/AOP on the label?

A

Champagne

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8
Q

Name 4 champagne houses owned by LVMH

A

Moet
Krug
Veuve
MErcier

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9
Q

Dosage Demi-Sec

A

32-50

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10
Q

What did the Commission de Chalon transform into?

A

the CIVC

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11
Q

When does phlox hit?

A

1890s

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12
Q

What is debourbage?

A

When the juice settles at a cool temp after pressing for 8-15 hours so that the remaining solids (bourses) in the must can be removed by racking prior to fermentation

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13
Q

What does the CIVC oversee?

A

Size of Harvest
Authorizes blocage and déblocage (the reserve and release of wine for future vintages)
Safegaurds the designation of Champagne

Until 1990 the CIVC oversaw the price of grapes through the echelle de crus which was a percentile system by which the villages or crus were rated

GC scored 100

1er crus 90-99

Crus are anything less than 90

A 1985 revision made the min 80%

Until 1990 a villages echelle rating was the most they could receive for fruit

After 1990 it was a suggestion

It was abolished in the year 2000

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14
Q

What is the Echelle de Crus

A

That ranking of 1er and CG villages

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15
Q

3 Rivers of champagne

A

The Aube
The Seine
The Marne River

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16
Q

What year was the importing of blue bagged Parisian garbage outlawed i champagne?

A

1998

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17
Q

What are DO major contributions to champagne?

A

Assemblage (blending) and viticulture

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18
Q

What ingredient is used to fire glass for champagne bottles now? Who invented it

A

Coal, the english in the late 17th C

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19
Q

What is a major climactic influencer for champagne?

A

The Atlantic

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20
Q

What did madame barbe-nicole ponsardin oversee the pioneering of?

A

Remuage (riddling)

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21
Q

Define CM

A
  • Cooperative Manipulant A grower coop that produces wine under a single brand
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22
Q

What is Rose Riceys

A

100% rose from PN made in Les Riceys in the Aube

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23
Q

What do the shreds of blue plastic in champagne represent

A

They are left over scraps from imported compost bags showing the slow crawl towards organics/sustainable viticulture

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24
Q

What are the 4 permitted pruning methods in champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne
Guyot (Double and simple)

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25
Q

How many villages may grow grapes for champagne?

A

357

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26
Q

What is one thing the champenois colored their wine with in order to compete with the wines of burgundy?

A

elderberry

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27
Q

Who was the weinfuhrer?

A

Nazi appointed agent who took up residence at the widow clique’s estate

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28
Q

What year does champagne receive AOC/P

A

1936

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29
Q

who can claim to be the oldest sparkling champagne house? est. what year?

A

Ruinart 1729

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30
Q

What is the first 2050L of 2550L of juice called?

A

Vin de Cuvee

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31
Q

Define Regumage

A

Riddling- a procedure that easily allows sediment to be removed from the bottle during discouragement

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32
Q

How many villages are GC vs 1er cru in champagne?

A

17 vs 42

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33
Q

What is Micraster Chalk?

A

A second layer of chalk named from an extinct sea urchin characterizes the valley vineyards

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34
Q

Describe Belemnite Chalk

A

Very Pourous, its pushed tot he surface and retains heat to warm the vines at night, yet provides excellent drainage

It is derived from the remains of millions of fossilized cephalopods

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35
Q

What is Deblockage

A

Release of reserve wine controlled byCIVC

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36
Q

In what year did the French Gov. Delimit champagne?

A

1908

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37
Q

Dosage Brut

A

0-12

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38
Q

What is the Commission de Chalon?

A

A consortium of growers and merchants that formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

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39
Q

Name one exceptional champagne vintage pre 1920

A

1914

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40
Q

What is the mean annual temperature of champagne?

A

50F

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41
Q

What river cuts through the aube

A

The Aube river

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42
Q

What is Miller’s Pinot and why is it called that?

A

Pinot Meunier- Named for the dusty appearance of its leaves

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43
Q

What covers much of the chalk in champagne

A

Thin layer of clay and sand

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44
Q

What was the first vintage of DP, what did it spark?

A

1921, the idea of the tete de cuvee

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45
Q

What happened in champagne in 1927

A

Aube is added back into champagne and the government further defines the region, production and vitiiculture

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46
Q

Define RM

A

Recoltant Manipulant- 95% must be estate grown

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47
Q

What is the oldest chapagne house still in operation, what year was it founded?

A

Gosset (1584) was established as a still wine producer

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48
Q

Define RC

A

Recoltant Cooperateur is a grower who’s wines are made a coop but are bottled under his own label

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49
Q

After 1927, what was the next time the champagne appellation was extended?

A

2009 from 319 villagess to 357

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50
Q

What is a marc of grapes?

A

4000kg is a marc of grapes or the amount held in a traditional basket press

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51
Q

What precedes the matriculation number?

A

The initials of whom made the wine

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52
Q

What was the first vintage of DP?

A

1921

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53
Q

Describe the formation of the CIVC

A

Started by Robert-Jean de Vogue of Moet and Chandon win 1941, it was a broader consortium of growers, producers and shippers to protect the market in the face of the Nazis

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54
Q

What is the third pressing of juice after 2550L called?

A

Rebeche it is 1-10% - it is the legally required third press - it is used for distillation not for champagne

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55
Q

What does the Controls des Structures prohibit?

A

Any firm from farming more than fifteen owned or rented hectares

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56
Q

What are the three most planted grapes in order/

A

PN-38
PM-32
Chard-30

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57
Q

What is the prominent grape in the Aube and Montagne de reims?

A

Pinot Noir

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58
Q

What river cuts through the Cote de Seanne

A

The Seine River

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59
Q

What does the CIVC stand for?

A

Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne

60
Q

Define MA

A

Marque d’Acheteur- A buyers brand (ie. supermarket or Restaurant) that buys champagne and sells it under its own label

61
Q

What is the dominant soil type of the Aube/

A

Clay

62
Q

Name one cause of major devastation to champagne

A

WW1

63
Q

Dosage Extra brut

A

0-6

64
Q

Where was DP the cellar master at?

A

The Abbey of Hautvillers

65
Q

Where did GC stand in the echelle de crus

A

100

66
Q

What is the prominent grape of the Vallee de la marne

A

PM, more frost hits Vallee de la marne and PM tends to bud late and ripen early!

67
Q

What year does the word Mousseux first appear and in what context?

A

1724, implied effervesence

68
Q

Define Bouxvreux?

A

Rain that interrupts flowering and causes a second crop, that rarely ripes

69
Q

Define SR

A

Society de Recoltants- a firm NOT a coop set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands

70
Q

Premier crus in the echelle de crus

A

90-99

71
Q

Who identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation. In what year?

A

1801, Jean-Antoine Chaptal

72
Q

Who is madame barbe-nicole ponsardin?

A

The widow cliquot

73
Q

What is the last 500L of 2550L of juice called?

A

Vin de Taille

74
Q

Name three other authorized grapes in champagne

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petite Meslier

75
Q

Dosage Extra Dry

A

12-17

76
Q

What are the five districts in champagne?

A 
Montagne de Reims- PN
Vallee de la marne-PM
Cote des Blancs-CH
Cote de Sezanne -CH
Cote de Bars (Aube)- PN
77
Q

Who put the first brut champagne on the market/

A

Pommery “Nature” 1874

78
Q

7 grapes of champagne

A 
PN
PG
PB
Pinot Meunier
Petite Meslier
Arbane
Chardonnay
79
Q

Dosage Sec

A

17-32

80
Q

Define NM

A

Negociant Manipulant- A house the purchases grapes and/or base wine

81
Q

What color may coteaux champenois be made in?

A

Red white or rose

82
Q

Talk about champagne fraud

A

After Phylox hits people start labeling champ on wines sourced from all over france

83
Q

Define ND

A

Negociant Distributeur- A middleman company that distributes champagne it did not make

84
Q

Define Pointage

A

Shaking to bottle before remerge so that the lees doesn’t stick

85
Q

Dosage Brut Nature

A

0-3

86
Q

When may tirage occur in champagne

A

Jan 1st

87
Q

What is the tete de cuvee of Diebolt Vallois

A

Fluer Passion

88
Q

DP’s lasting contribution to champagne came from what techniques

A

Assemblage (blending) and viticulture

89
Q

What is the oldest chMPgne house still in operation and what is now their tete de cuveee

A

Gosset (1584, but made mostly still wine)

Celebris

90
Q

What is the oldest SPARKLING wine house in chapgne

A

Ruinart 1729

91
Q

Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin is who and did what

A

Widow Cliquot- Pioneered riddling (remuage) which allowed the removal of sediment

92
Q

Who put the first brut champagne on the market and what is now their tete

A

Pommery (1874)

Cuvee Louise

93
Q

In what year was champagne region first delimited, when was the second ammendemnt to that

A

1908 (didn’t include the Aube) then 1927

94
Q

What year does champagne gain AOC

A

1936

95
Q

What is the only region that does not need to include AOC/P on the label

A

Champagne

96
Q

Best champagne vintage of the 20th C

A

1914

97
Q

What year was the CIVC formed

A

1941

98
Q

What year was the final appellation increase in chamapgne

A

2009, 319-357 villages

99
Q

Define Bouvreaux

A

When rain interrupts flowering and creates a 2nd crop that rarely ripens

100
Q

What is the major soul type of champagne

A

Belemite chalk with a high limestone content

subsoil of micraster chalk

101
Q

First vintage of DP

A

1921

102
Q

Mean avg temp of champagne

A

50F

103
Q

What is the dominant soil type of the aube

A

Clay

104
Q

Les Blues de Ville

A

The blue plastic remaining from the “Composting” of Champagne using paris trash that was OUTLAWED in 1998

105
Q

Rankt the 3 most planted grapes in champagne

A

PN, PM, C

106
Q

In what year did the CIVC se a limit on extraction pressing in chapagne and what was it

A

1992

102L of Must / 160kg Grapes
or
2550L/4000Kg

107
Q

4000kg, is what?

A

A marc of grapes or the amount held by a tradition coquard basket press

108
Q

4 pruning methods allowed in chamapge

A

Guyot (Double and single)
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne

109
Q

Prominent Grape in MdR

A

Pinot Noir

110
Q

Prominent grape in the Aube

A

Pinot Noir

111
Q

Prominent grape in the Cote de Sezanne

A

Chardonnay

112
Q

Prominent grape in Vallee de la Marne and why?

A

PM- Vallee de la Marne is very frost prone

113
Q

Define NM

A

Negociant Manipulant- Purchases grapes but may own their own vineyards (ie. Krug, DP, etc)

114
Q

Define RM

A

Recoltant Manipulant- Growers who farm at least 95% of their grapes

115
Q

Define CM

A

Cooperative Manipulant- A coop that produces wine under a single brand

116
Q

Define RC

A

Recoltant Cooperateur- A grower whos grapes are vinified at a COop, but sells under his own label

117
Q

Define SR

A

Societe Recoltant- A firm (NOT COOP) set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectivly market several brands

118
Q

Define ND

A

Negociant Distributeur- A middleman company that distributes champagne they did NOT make

119
Q

Define MA

A

Marque d’Aucheteur- A buyers brand (ie. supermarket or restaurant) that purchases champagne and sells it under its own label

120
Q

The first 2050L of press juice is known as what?

A

Vin de Cuvee

121
Q

What is the last 500L of champagne called

A

Vin de taille

122
Q

What is the third extraction in champagne known as

A

Rebeche, it is 1-10% of the press and is required by law. It is used for distillate NOT CHAMPAGNE

123
Q

Prise de mousse is what?

A

The 2nd fermentation

124
Q

What is a bidule

A

The plastic thing inside the crown top that helps colelect lees

125
Q

How much alcohol is added with the 2nd ferementation?

A

1.2-1.3%

126
Q

Min lees aging for NV champagne

A

12 mnths+3 months cellar for a total of 15

127
Q

Define Pointage

A

Bottles are shaken to keep the lees from sticking to the side of the glass, however newer yeast strains make that less neccessary

128
Q

What is a Muselet

A

The wire cage on a champagne cork, twisted 6 half turns

129
Q

When is transvasage allowed in champagne production

A

Anything smalller then a 375ml or larger then a jero

130
Q

Club Tresors - AKA

A

Special Club

131
Q

What year was the special club founded

A

1971

132
Q

What % of vintage champagne must come from stated vintage

A

100%

133
Q

What is the max amount of a years harvest may be sold as Vintage champagne

A

80%

134
Q

Where is les Riceys?

A

In the aube- Must be 100% PN for rose de Ricey

135
Q

What color can Coteaux Champenois come in

A

All 3

136
Q

What is the only french AOP that allows a rose to be produced by blending red and white wine

A

Champagne

137
Q

What are the 7 AOP regions for cremant wines made in the traditional method

A 
Cremant de:
Bordeaux
Bourgogne
Loire
Limous
Die
Jura
ALsace
138
Q

Wines from Blanquette de Limoux AOP must be what

A

Traditional Method

Min 90% Mauzac, Chardonnay & Chenin

139
Q

In Vouvray, Montlouis, Samur & Vin de Savoie wines must be made in what style and use what terminology

A

Traditional Method

Mousseux for fully sparkling
Pettillant for lightly sparkling

140
Q

Name two itialn DOCGs for traditional method sparkling

A

Franciacorta

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico

141
Q

What is another name for Method Ancestrale

A

Method Rurale

142
Q

Name three appelation that must make wine in the Ancestrale style

A

Bugey Cerdon
Clairette de Die Methode Doise Ancestrale
Gaillac Mosseux Mathode Gaillacoise

143
Q

Asti wines are made in what style and have what legal min of tank aging?

A

Charmat- legal one month of tank aging

144
Q

Where might you see the Continous Method/Russian Continuous method used?

A

German Sekt still uses it sometimes

145
Q

What is the difference between tank and continuous

A

Continuous constantly is pumping over lees and adding dosage, more autolytic flavors are present

TL- Champagne (2 decks)

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