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CMS Advanced France 2016 > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Name three AOPs of Champagne?

A

Champagne AOP, Coteaux Champenois AOP, and Rosé des Riceys AOP.

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2
Q

Name five districts for Champagne production?

A

The 357 villages authorized to grow grapes for Champagne are split between five districts: the Montagne de Reims, Vallée de la Marne, Côte des Blancs, Côte de Sézanne, and the Côte des Bars (the Aube).

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3
Q

Champagne AOP Encépagement?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Arbane, Petit Meslier

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4
Q

What are Champagne AOP minimum potential alcohol, max. residual sugar?

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol: 9%; Maximum Residual Sugar: 10 g/l.

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5
Q

What are Champagne AOP Tirage Requirements?

A

Secondary fermentation (prise de mousse) is accomplished in glass bottles Tirage may not occur until at least January 1 of the year following the harvest Volume of wine may not increase by more than 1.12% per 1% increase in alcohol during secondary fermentation Wines may not be disgorged until at least 12 months after the date of tirage Finished wines are marketed in the same bottle in which tirage occurred, except for bottle sizes with a volume smaller than 375 ml or larger than 3 liters. For NV bottlings, up to 20% of 375 ml bottles may also be transferred into new bottles.

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6
Q

What are Champagne AOP Liqueur d’Expédition Requirements?

A

The addition of liqueur d’expédition may not lead to an increase in volume of wine (expressed in percentage) higher than the sum of the percentage increase in alcoholic strength (multiplied by a coefficient of 1.266) and the grams per liter increase in sugar content (multiplied by a coefficient of 0.0666). See the following formula: Volume of Wine (%) = (1.266 × Alcohol Percent Increase) + (0.0666 × Sugar Increase)

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7
Q

What is ageing requirement for basic, NV Champagne AOP?

A

Min. 15 months from date of tirage

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8
Q

What is ageing requirement for Vintage Champagne AOP?

A

Vintage Wines: Min. 36 months from date of tirage

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9
Q

What are Champagne AOP Permitted Training Methods?

A

Chablis, Cordon de Royat, Vallée de la Marne (allowed for Meunier only), Guyot (simple or double).

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10
Q

What is Champagne AOP Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base)?

A

10,400 kg/ha

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11
Q

What is Champagne AOP Maximum Press Yield?

A

102 liters/160 kg (Additional pressed juice is rebêche, or the “end of pressing”, and must account for 0-10% of the total. This may only be used for distillation.)

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12
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Brut Nature?

A

0-3 grams per liter. Brut Nature wines may not contain any added dosage. Equivalent terms include Non-Dosé, Brut Sauvage, Ultra Brut, Dosage Zéro, Sans Sucre, Pas Dosé.

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13
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Extra Brut?

A

0-6 grams per liter

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14
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Brut?

A

0-12 grams per liter

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15
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Extra Dry?

A

12-17 grams per liter

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16
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Sec?

A

17-32 grams per liter

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17
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Demi-Sec?

A

32-50 grams per liter

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18
Q

Sweetness Levels for Champagne Doux?

A

50+ grams per liter

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19
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Coteaux Champenois AOP?

A

Appellation used for the relatively rare still wines of Champagne in northern France.
For every one bottle of still white Coteaux Champenois produced, perhaps 20 of still red Coteaux Champenois are produced (in a good vintage), and 16,000 bottles of sparkling Champagne. Same varieties as for production of sparkling wine.

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20
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Rosé des Riceys AOP?

A

Only still Rosé wines produced from 100% Pinot Noir grapes which are vinified as whole bunches (semi-carbonic maceration). It can be one of France’s more serious rosés.
Produced in the commune of Riceys in the Aube département, the southern end of the Champagne region.

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21
Q

What are Champagne Special Club General Rules for Membership?

A

Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join). Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate.
Members must respect and uphold the Club’s charter.

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22
Q

Name Champagne Special Club Rules for “Special Club” Wines?

A

The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members. The Club Trésors will declare a vintage as being worthy of “Special Club” prestige cuvées, then each member may decide individually whether or not to produce a “Special Club” wine.
All base wines and finished “Special Club” wines must undergo tasting analysis. All “Special Club” bottles share an identical label and bottle shape.

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23
Q

Name Champagne Grand Cru Villages located in Montagne de Reims?

A

Sillery, Puisieulx, Beaumont-sur-Vesle, Verzenay, Mailly Champagne, Verzy, Louvois, Bouzy, Ambonnay.

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24
Q

Name Champagne Grand Cru Villages located in Vallée de la Marne?

A

Aÿ and Tours-sur-Marne.

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25
Q

Name Champagne Grand Cru Villages located in Côte des Blancs?

A

Chouilly, Oiry, Cramant, Avize, Oger, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger.

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26
Q

Dom Pérignon was cellarmaster at?

A

Abbey of Hautvillers. His lasting contributions to modern Champagne lie in the techniques of assemblage (blending) and viticulture.

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27
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?

A

Gosset was founded in 1584 as a still wine producer (Ruinart, established in 1729, can claim to be the oldest sparkling Champagne house).

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28
Q

What Champagne house realesd first brut wine on market?

A

Pommery put the first brut Champagne, Pommery “Nature,” on the market in 1874.

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29
Q

What Champagne house first released a tête de cuvée, or prestige cuvée?

A

Inaugural 1921 vintage of Moët et Chandon’s “Dom Pérignon”.

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30
Q

Which grape variety is the most planted in Champagne region?

A

In 2012, Pinot Noir accounted for 38% of total plantings, Chardonnay accounted for 30%, and Meunier accounted for 32%.

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31
Q

In Champagne blend which grape variety provides elegance and longevity?

A

Chardonnay.

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32
Q

In Champagne blend which grape variety supports the wine’s structure, richness and body?

A

Pinot Noir.

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33
Q

In Champagne blend which grape variety lends a youthful fruitiness and approachability?

A

Meunier.

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34
Q

What grape variety is predominant in both Montagne de Reims and the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir.

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35
Q

In which Champagne district is Meunier heavily cultivated?

A

Vallée de la Marne.

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36
Q

Apart from Côte des Blancs, Chardonnay is predominant in what Champagne district?

A

Côte de Sézanne.

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37
Q

What is “Échelle de Crus”?

A

Percentile system by which the villages, or crus, of the Champagne appellation are rated. Villages that achieved the maximum échelle (“scale”) of 100 were classified as grands crus; villages that achieved an échelle of 90 through 99 were classified as premier cru. Villages with a rating below 90 were simply crus.

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38
Q

Name only two premier cru villages with a 99% ranking?

A

Mareuil-sur-Ay in the Vallée de la Marne and Tauxières in Montagne de Reims.

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39
Q

When pressing grapes destined for Champagne, extracted juice is divided into?

A

Extraction is limited to 102 liters from 160 kg of grapes, or 2,550 liters from 4,000 kg. The extracted juice is then divided into the vin de cuvée (the first 2,050 liters) and the vin de taille (the following 500 liters).
Third extraction, the rebêche, is required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total. The rebêche is used for distillate, not Champagne.

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40
Q

What is “liqueur de tirage”?

A

Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that will serve to ignite the second fermentation in the production of Champagne.

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41
Q

What is “prise de mousse”?

A

The second fermentation in Champagne production.

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42
Q

What is mean “sur latte”?

A

During the second fermentation in Champagne production the bottles are usually stored horizontally - “sur latte”.

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43
Q

How is called breakdown of dead yeast cells?

A

Autolysis.

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44
Q

What is “pupitre”?

A

Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape, with sixty angled holes cut into each plank of wood. A remuer would fractionally turn and tilt each bottle over a period of about eight weeks, slowly inverting the bottles with the neck pointing downward. Invented by widow Clicquot.

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45
Q

What is “gyropalette”?

A

Spanish invention, which replaced hand-riddling, it is an automated device that holds 504 bottles.

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46
Q

Moët et Chandon, Krug, Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, and Mercier are all owned by?

A

Luxury conglomerate LVMH.

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47
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean NM?

A

Négociant Manipulant - A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses. Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all. Large Champagne houses with the most international presence are invariably in this category: Moët et Chandon, Louis Roederer, Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, Billecart-Salmon, Lanson, Taittinger, Pol Roger, Perrier-Jouët, Mumm, and Laurent-Perrier.

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48
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean RM?

A

Récoltant Manipulant - A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards.

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49
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean CM?

A

Coopérative Manipulant - A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.

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50
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean RC?

A

Récoltant Coopérateur - A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label.

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51
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean SR?

A

Société de Récoltants - A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

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52
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean ND?

A

Négociant Distributeur - A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.

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53
Q

On the bottle of Champagne what is mean MA?

A

Marque d’Acheteur - A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label.

54
Q

What is “vin de taille”?

A

Last 500 liters extracted when pressing the grapes, it is usually richer in pigment and tannin, and many producers sell off this lesser component of the must or include it in a minor proportion as a structural element in a blend.

55
Q

What is mean “sur pointe”?

A

Once the sediment is successfully collected in the neck of the bottle, the bottles remain in the upside-down vertical position (“sur pointe”) for a short period of time prior to dégorgement.

56
Q

Which wine is kept sur pointe for a number of years, and only disgorged upon order?

A

Bollinger’s “RD” (“Récemment Dégorgé”).

57
Q

What is “dosage” or “liqueur d’expédition”?

A

Lquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine. Rarely, bone-dry non-dosage styles are produced.
The amount of sugar in the dosage is determined by the desired style of the wine.

58
Q

What is “muselet”?

A

Wire cage.

59
Q

Transfer method is permitted for what size of Champagne bottles?

A

For bottle sizes larger than a Jeroboam and smaller than a half bottle. In this method, remuage is unnecessary, as the wine is disgorged into a pressurized tank and filtered.
Dosage is added, and the wine is transferred to a clean bottle under pressure.

60
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 187 ml?

A

Quarter Bottle (Piccolo)

61
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 375 ml?

A

Half Bottle (Demi)

62
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 1.5 L (2 bottles)?

A

Magnum

63
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 3 L (4 bottles)?

A

Jeroboam

64
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 4.5 L (6 bottles)?

A

Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989)

65
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 6 L (8 bottles)?

A

Methuselah

66
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 9 L (12 bottles)?

A

Salmanazar

67
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 12 L (16 bottles)?

A

Balthazar

68
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 15 L (20 bottles)?

A

Nebuchadnezzar

69
Q

What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 18 L (24 bottles)?

A

Solomon

70
Q

What Style of Champagne is Non-Vintage (NV)?

A

Generally brut in style, the NV cuvée represents a house’s signature style, and the blender’s job is to ensure its consistency from year to year.
Non-vintage Champagne makes up at least three-quarters of the market.

71
Q

What Style of Champagne is Vintage?

A

100% of the blend must come from the stated vintage, yet a maximum 80% of a year’s harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne.
The better houses declare a vintage only in exceptional years.
These are usually brut in style, and good examples can age for a decade or more.

72
Q

What Style of Champagne is Blanc de Blancs?

A

100% Chardonnay is required, but it is not always sourced from the Côte des Blancs. They may be vintage-dated or NV.
The Blanc de Blancs category represents some of Champagne’s most ageworthy bottlings; while austere and often steely in youth, better examples develop an intense bouquet with maturity.

73
Q

What Style of Champagne is Blanc de Noirs?

A

White wine produced solely from black grapes. The wine usually displays richness, intensity, and weight, although it can lack the supreme elegance and finesse of Blanc de Blancs.

74
Q

What Style of Champagne is Prestige Cuvée (Tête de Cuvée)?

A

Usually the finest and most expensive bottling that a house offers, the prestige cuvée is typically (but not always) vintage-dated and aged for a number of years prior to release.
Prestige Cuvées are usually only released in superior vintages, and may undergo more traditional vinification procedures, such as barrel fermentation, riddling by hand, and cork-finishing during the second fermentation.
Many of the large houses produce prestige cuvées from their own vineyards—even single vineyards in exceptional cases. Prestige cuvées may be Blanc de Blancs, Blanc de Noirs or rosé in style.

75
Q

What Style of Champagne is Single Vineyard Champagne?

A

Single Vineyard Champagne bottlings may be produced by a large house or a smaller grower-producer, and may or may not be advertised as a prestige cuvée.
Single Vineyard wines are not required to carry a vintage date, although they invariably do, and the style represents a stark departure from the blending philosophy of the region. Philipponnat’s “Clos de Goisses,” originally released for the 1935 vintage from one of the few walled vineyards of the region, remains a benchmark bottling.

76
Q

What Style of Champagne is Special Club Prestige Cuvée?

A

The “Special Club” concept originated in 1971, with a dozen grower-producers. Lacking the marketing budgets of larger houses, these producers banded together to promote their prestige cuvées through identical packaging.
Today, the Club Trésors comprises over two-dozen RM producers as members. The Special Club bottlings are estate-bottled, vintage-dated wines that represent the pinnacle of each individual grower’s style and production.
Special Club bottles and labels share identical design.

77
Q

What Style of Champagne is Rosé Champagne?

A

Vintage, NV, and prestige cuvées may also be produced in pink versions. The traditional saignée method, in which the wine gains its hue through extended skin contact, is less common than blending. Champagne is the only AOP in France that allows a rosé to be produced by blending red and white wine. A rosé prestige cuvée, a novelty in years past, is usually the most expensive and rare product a house offers.

78
Q

Name the best “Special Club” producers?

A

Current members include Marc Hébrart, Pierre Gimmonet, Paul Bara, J. Lassalle and Gaston Chiquet.

79
Q

Name appellations which produce sparkling wine with Méthode Ancestrale process?

A

Bugey Cerdon, Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale, and Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise.

80
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Nicolas François Billecart”?

A

Billecart-Salmon

81
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “La Grande Année”, “R.D.”, and “Vieilles Vignes Françaises”?

A

Bollinger

82
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Cuvée William Deutz” (Blanc/Rosé), and “Amour de Deutz”?

A

Deutz

83
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Charles de Gaulle”?

A

Drappier

84
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Celebris” (Blanc de Blancs NV, Vintage Extra Brut Rosé and Vintage Extra Brut)?

A

Gosset

85
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Noble Cuvée” (Brut, Blanc de Blancs, NV Rosé)?

A

Lanson

86
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Grand Siècle” (typically NV)?

A

Laurent-Perrier

87
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Dom Pérignon”, “Dom Pérignon Oenothèque” (both Brut/Brut Rosé)?

A

Moët et Chandon

88
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Cuvée R. Lalou”?

A

G.H. Mumm

89
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Nec-Plus-Ultra”?

A

Bruno Paillard

90
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Belle Époque/Fleur de Champagne (USA)” (Brut, Brut Rosé, and Blanc de Blancs)?

A

Perrier-Jouët

91
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Rare”?

A

Piper-Heidsieck

92
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill”?

A

Pol Roger

93
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Cuvée Louise” (Brut and Brut Rosé)?

A

Pommery

94
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Cristal”?

A

Louis Roederer

95
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Dom Ruinart” (Blanc de Blancs and Rosé)?

A

Ruinart

96
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “Comtes de Champagne” (Blanc de Blancs and Rosé) and “Taittinger Collection”?

A

Taittinger

97
Q

Who is producing Prestige Cuvée named “La Grande Dame” (Brut and Brut Rosé)?

A

Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin

98
Q

“Clos du Mesnil” is produced by who, what grape variety?

A

Krug, 100% Chardonnay, Inaguaral vintage is 1979.

99
Q

“Clos d’Ambonnay” is produced by who, what grape variety?

A

Krug 100% Pinot Noir, Inaguaral vintage is 1995.

100
Q

Ace of Spades Rosé is produced by who?

A

Armand de Brignac. The King of Champagne kitsch that has usurped Cristal as the rappers sparkler of choice;

101
Q

In France, there are seven AOP regions for crémant wines produced by the traditional method, name them?

A

Crémant de Bordeaux, Crémant de Bourgogne, Crémant de Loire, Crémant de Limoux, Crémant de Die, Crémant du Jura, and Crémant d’Alsace.

102
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris

103
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white and rose Crémant de Bourgogne AOP?

A

Min. 30% combined Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Noir; max. 20% Gamay

104
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white and rose Crémant de Loire AOP?

A

Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d’Aunis

105
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white and rose Crémant de Limoux AOP?

A

Max. 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)

106
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white Crémant de Die AOP?

A

Blanc: Min. 55% Clairette, min. 10% Aligoté, 5-10% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains. There is no production of rose wines only white.

107
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white Crémant du Jura AOP?

A

Min. 70% combined Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Trousseau

108
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of white Crémant d’Alsace AOP?

A

Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Auxerrois, and/or Chardonnay

109
Q

What are reqirements for all French Crémant wines?

A

Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation. The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage. Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure. Manual harvesting is mandatory.
RS is same as for Champagne. Limit on pressing is less strict (100 liters from 150 kg, or 2,666 liters from 4,000 kg).

110
Q

Apart from seven Cremant appellations name other appellations in France which produce traditional method sparkling wines?

A

Vouvray, Montlouis-sur-Loire, and Saumur in the Loire; and Vin de Savoie and Seyssel in Savoie. Fully sparkling wines from the aforementioned appellations will be labeled mousseux,whereas lightly sparkling wines are labeled pétillant.
Blanquette de Limoux AOP wines from the Languedoc region are also produced by the traditional method, from a minimum 90% Mauzac, Chardonnay, and Chenin Blanc.

111
Q

Name two best traditional method sparkling wines produced in Italy?

A

Both are produced in Lombardy, within the DOCGs of Franciacorta and Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico.

112
Q

Name two most important English sparkling wine producers which are located in Sussex?

A

Nyetimber and Ridgeview Estate.

113
Q

Name most important “Cap Classique” producer?

A

Graham Beck.

114
Q

Name most famous wines produced by The Charmat Process?

A

Asti DOCG and Prosecco.

115
Q

What are the main disadvantages of wines produced by the Charmat Process?

A

The lack of extended lees contact in the tank method is not suitable for making quality wines in the style of Champagne.
The bubbles, or bead, in tank method wines will be larger and coarser, and the wine will have a less uniform texture than wines made by the traditional method.

116
Q

What are the main advantages of wines produced by the Charmat Process?

A

Tank Method is quicker, cheaper, and less labor-intensive than the traditional method.
This method is appropriate and even preferred for sparkling wines emphasizing fruit and varietal aromatics rather than the flavors derived from autolysis.

117
Q

What is the name of the oldest and most rudimentary process of sparkling wine production?

A

Méthode Ancestrale, which is also known as the méthode rurale.

118
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of rose Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère

119
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of rose Crémant du Jura AOP?

A

Min. 50% combined Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Trousseau, and Poulsard

120
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of rose Crémant d’Alsace AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

121
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of Franciacorta?

A

Pinot Nero and Chardonnay. Maximum 50% Pinot Bianco.

122
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of Franciacorta Satèn?

A

Chardonnay and a maximum 50% Pinot Bianco

123
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of Franciacorta Rosé?

A

Minimum 25% Pinot Nero, Maximum 50% Pinot Bianco.

124
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico & Rosé?

A

Minimum 70% Pinot Nero. Combined maximum 30% Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco.

125
Q

Name grape varieties used for production of Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Pinot Nero & Rosé?

A

Minimum 85% Pinot Nero. Combined maximum 15% Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco.

126
Q

Describe Méthode Ancestrale sparkling wine production process?

A

Single fermentation begins in tank, but the wine is transferred to bottles before the process is complete—liqueur de tirage is unnecessary. Yeasts continue to ferment the remaining sugars in the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle.
The residual sweetness of the finished wines varies by appellation, but dosage is not allowed. Typically, the wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass prior to sale.

127
Q

The Charmat Process of production of sparkling wines is also known as?

A

Cuve Close/Tank Method

128
Q

Describe Charmat Process sparkling wine production process?

A

After the wine undergoes primary fermentation, liqueur de tirage is added to the wine, provoking a second fermentation, which occurs in a pressurized enamel-lined tank, or autoclave, over a matter of days. Once the appropriate pressure is reached (usually 5 atmospheres), the wine is chilled to arrest fermentation. The wine is then filtered and bottled, usually with a dosage.

129
Q

Describe Continuous Method for production of sparkling wines?

A

Developed in the USSR, this method is similar to the tank method, but the base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks while undergoing the second fermentation.
Liqueur de tirage is constantly added to the wine, and lees accumulate in the first several tanks, offering a higher degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard tank method.

130
Q

The majority of German Sekt is produced by which method?

A

Either the tank method or the continuous method.

131
Q

What is the cheapest method for production of sparkling wines?

A

Carbonation which involves a simple injection of carbon dioxide into still wine. The bubbles do not integrate into the texture of the wine at all, and fade quickly upon opening.
This method is not used for quality wines.

CMS Advanced France 2016 (6 decks)

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