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Life Goal 2.0 > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What are the department of champagne

A

Aube, Aisne, Marne, Haute-Marne, Seine et Marne

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2
Q

What are the biggest department of Champagne

A

Marne (66% of champagne’s vineyard)

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3
Q

What are the 3 zone of champagne appellation

A

zone de l’élaboration
zone de production
zone parcellaire de production de raisins

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4
Q

What is zone de l’élaboration

A

The zone de l’élaboration marks the outer limits of the region, the rough-hewn area one might visualize on a map of French wine regions. This is the only part of the region where it is legal to vinify Champagne, or to transport Champagne grapes, juice, and wine, in bulk and in bottle, that have not yet been commercialized. Most of this zone cannot be planted. It is composed of 637 communes.

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5
Q

What is zone de production?

A

It is the next largest, consisting of entire villages in which vines may be cultivated. It is composed of 319 communes covering approximately 300,000 hectares.

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6
Q

What is zone parcellaire de production de raisins?

A

consists of a lacework of delimited viticultural parcels, representing only 35,208 hectares, a fraction of the surface area of the zone de production. It is also composed of 319 communes.

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7
Q

What are the soil of champagne ?

A

Belemnite chalk

Micraster chalk

A thin layer of clay and sand covers much of the chalk in Champagne. In the Aube, the dominant soil type is not chalk but clay.

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8
Q

What are the function of belemnite chalk subsoils?

A

On the slopes, derived from the fossilized remains of cephalopods, are sometimes exposed at the surface, helping retain heat and provide good drainage for the vines

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9
Q

What is Micraster chalk?

A

composed of fossil material from an extinct genus of sea urchin, is found to a lesser extent, generally in the flatter valley vineyards.

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10
Q

What are the latitude of Champagne?

A

between the 48th and 49th parallels

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11
Q

What are the climate impact for Champagne ?

A

Atlantic Ocean- Moderating effect
Continental climate has a moderating effect on the amount of wind and rain generated by the Atlantic

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12
Q

Why is diurnal shift important to champagne?

A

significant diurnal shift ensures acid preservation.

the reduced diurnal difference is insufficient to halt the vine’s metabolism, ripening continues and acids plummet.

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13
Q

Until which year CIVC set price for grapes?

A

Until 1990 it set the price of grapes and still intervenes to regulate the size of the harvest and to limit the production of wine in order to maintain market prices.

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14
Q

What is Comité interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) ?

A

Is an organisation grouping the actors of the Champagne production and trade - growers, cooperatives and merchants - under the direction of the government

organizing and controlling the production, distribution, and promotion of the wines of Champagne as well as conducting research.

Safeguard the name Champagne, which is a protected designation of origin as well as a very valuable trademark. CIVC is quick to resort to litigation at any non-authorized use of the Champagne name.

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15
Q

When does CIVC established?

A

April 12, 1941

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16
Q

What are the idea clone for Champagne ?

A

All sparkling wine clones require significantly higher acids and lower potential alcohol than clones used for still wines

In the case of Pinot Noir, a sparkling wine clone must also have the lowest possible phenolics and minimal color.

There is no perfect clone as it react differently in different place.

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17
Q

When was Chardonnay listed as approved grape for champagne production?

A

2010

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18
Q

What is the synonym of Pinot Noir in Champagne?

A

Plant Doré, Morillon, Noirien, and Auvernat

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19
Q

Which Village Famous for Pinot Meunier planting?

A

Sainte-Gemme (Vallée de la Marne)
Leuvrigny (Vallée de la Marne)
Hautvillers (Vallée de la Marne)

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20
Q

Which Village famous for Chardonnay planting?

A

Côte des Blancs
Vitryat

Trépail (Montagne de Reims)
Villers-Marmery (Montagne de Reims)
Monts de Berru (Montagne de Reims)

Côte de Sézanne

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21
Q

Where do Arbanne grow?

A

Bligny, Buxeuil, Chamery, Charly-sur-Marne, Chavot-Courcourt, Jouy-lès-Reims, Les Riceys, Oeuilly, Urville, Venteuil

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22
Q

Who are the key person revive Arbanne?

A

Lucien Moutard, who replanted it in 1952, and his grandfather Henry Maréchaux, who had maintained the variety in his nursery since 1900.

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23
Q

Who grow Arbanne?

A

Aubry, Château de Bligny, Drappier, Jean-François Launay, Laherte Frères, Léguillette-Romelot, Moutard, Olivier Horiot, Perseval-Farge, Tarlant, Thomas Perseval

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24
Q

What are the Pure Arbanne Cuvées?

A

Arbane Pure (Olivier Horiot)
Cépage Arbane (Moutard)

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25
Q

Who grows Fromenteau?

A

Aubry, Dérot-Delugny, Drappier, Laherte Frères, Mouzon-Leroux, Olivier Horiot, Perseval-Farge

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26
Q

Which village grow Fromenteau?

A

Chamery, Chavot-Courcourt, Crouttes-sur-Marne, Jouy-lès-Reims, Les Riceys, Urville, Verzy

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27
Q

Name the Pure Fromenteau Cuvées

A

Cuvée des Fondateurs (Dérot-Delugny), Trop M’en Faut (Drappier)

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28
Q

Who make Fromenteau famous?

A

The wines of Sillery became famous in the 17th century thanks to Fromenteau, under the care of Nicolas Brûlart.

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29
Q

What is the crossing of Petit Meslier?

A

Gouais Blanc and Savagnin Blanc

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30
Q

Which Village is the revival place of Petit Meslier?

A

lieu-dit of Corne Bautray, in Dizy
by the Chiquet family, who would later come to own Jacquesson

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31
Q

Where does Petit Meslier grow?

A

Bligny, Buxeuil, Chamery, Charly-sur-Marne, Chavot-Courcourt, Gyé-sur-Seine, Jouy-lès-Reims, Les Riceys, Oeuilly, Urville, Venteuil

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32
Q

Who grows Petit Meslier?

A

Aubry, Château de Bligny, Drappier, Duval-Leroy, Jacquesson, Jean-François Launay, Laherte Frères, Léguillette-Romelot, Mignon-Boulard, Moutard, Olivier Horiot, Perseval-Farge, Robert Barbichon, Tarlant, Thomas Perseval

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33
Q

Name the Pure Petit Meslier Cuvées.

A

Duval-Leroy Petit Meslier (formerly Authentis), Laherte Frères Petit Meslier, Olivier Horiot, A.Bergère Petit Meslier

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34
Q

Where does Pinot Blanc grows?

A

Bligny, Buxeuil, Celles-sur-Ource, Charly-sur-Marne, Chavot-Courcourt, Landreville, Les Riceys, Oeuilly, Polisot, Urville

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35
Q

Who grow Pinot Blanc?

A

Cédric Bouchard, Château de Bligny, Drappier, François Gautherot, Laherte Frères, Léguillette-Romelot, Moutard, Olivier Horiot, Piollot, Tarlant, Thomas Perseval

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36
Q

Name the Pure Pinot Blanc Cuvées

A

Colas Robin (Piollot), Cuvée des Lys (Philippe Fontaine), Cuvée Heritage (Emmanuel Tassin), Le Champ du Clos (Charles Dufour), L’Originale (Pierre Gerbais), Pinot Blanc Extra Brut (Chassenay d’Arce), Roses de Jeanne La Bolorée (Cédric Bouchard), Colette Bonnet, de Lozey

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37
Q

What are the 8 district of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Côte des Blancs
Marne Valley
Côte des Bar
Coteaux du Morin
Côte de Sézanne
Vitryat
Montgueux

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38
Q

What are the sub district of Montagne de Reims?

A

Grande Montagne
Massif de Saint-Thierry
Monts de Berru
Ardre Valley
Vesle Valley
City of Reims

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39
Q

What are the 10 GC of Grande Montagne?

A

Ambonnay, Beaumont-sur-Vesle, Bouzy, Louvois, Mailly-Champagne, Puisieulx, Sillery, Tours-sur-Marne, Verzenay, and Verzy

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40
Q

What are the 1er Cru of Grande Montagne?

A

Billy-le-Grand
Chigny-les-Roses
Ludes
Montbré
Rilly-la-Montagne
Taissy
Tauxières-Mutry
Trépail
Trois Puits
Vaudemanges
Villers-Allerand
Villers-Marmery

41
Q

Name the 3 distinct microzones of Grande Montagne

A

the Northern Montagne
the Eastern Montagne
the Southern Montagne.

42
Q

What are the soil of Grande Montagne?

A

The topsoil of the Grande Montagne consists primarily of a loess drift that has been derived from sandy and clayey lignite (a soft, dark brown, sedimentary rock), chalk rubble, and clayey colluvium.

On the lower slopes, it is crumblier and composed mostly of chalk rubble. The subsoil is essentially chalk.

In the Northern Montagne, micraster chalk sometimes encroaches on the customary realm of belemnite chalk.

Occasionally, there are areas of sand, sandy limestone, and sandstone, both as outcrops and as strata within the chalk subsoil itself.

The Moulin de Verzenay, for example, stands not on chalk but on a vast outcrop of sandy limestone. Marlstone can be found on some of the highest slopes, where there are also isolated strata of fine calcareous sand up to 15 meters (50 feet) thick. Important lignite deposits are common, as the Montagne is littered with cendrières (lignite mines).

43
Q

What are the soil of Massif Saint-Thierry?

A

beds of fine yellowish and greenish-white calcareous sand, up to 15 meters (50 feet) deep and interbedded in strata of Lutetian limestone—not chalk.

44
Q

What are the single vineyard of Massif Saint-Thierry?

A

single, walled vineyard called Clos de Saint-Thierry

45
Q

What are the champagne grower in Massif Saint Thierry?

A

Remi Harlaut-Paris (RC)

Thierry Hotte (RM)

Arnaud Labbé (RC)

Carole Noizet (RM)

Noizet-Crémont (RC)

46
Q

What are the village in Massif Saint Thierry?

A

Bezannes
Bouilly
Brimont
Cauroy-lès-Hermonville
Chalons-sur-Vesle
Chenay
Cormicy
Hermonville
Merfy
Montigny-sur-Vesle
Pévy
Pouillon
Prouilly
Saint-Thierry
Thil
Trigny (Highest Chardonnay & Meunier & PN Planting)
Villers-Franqueux

47
Q

What are the villages in Mont de Berru?

A

Berru
Cernay-les-Reims
Nogent l’Abbesse (Highest planting of Chardonnay)
Pontfaverger-Moronvilliers (Only Chardonnay)
Selles (Mostly Meunier)

48
Q

Who produces Les Clos Pompadour?

A

Pommery (chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier)

49
Q

Who Produces Le Clos Lanson?

A

Lanson- single vineyard Chardonnay (BdB)

50
Q

What are the sub district of Marne Valley?

A

Grande Vallée, Région d’Épernay, Terroir de Condé, Western Marne Valley, Right Bank (Rive Droite), Left Bank (Rive Gauche)

51
Q

What are the soil of Marne Valley?

A

The topsoil here is a colluvial mix of marl, lignite, sandy loam, and clay and tends to be thick and heavy.

No vines are planted on the alluvial soils close to the river, but there are vines on nearby higher ground where belemnite chalk can be seen as the major subsoil.

West of Vauciennes (on the south bank) and Damery (on the north bank), the chalk outcrop narrows to an ever-thinner strip, eventually fading away just before Troissy and Châtillon-sur-Marne, while the topsoil becomes deeper and heavier.

52
Q

What are the village in Grande Vallee? (Marne)

A

Avenay-Val-d’Or
Aÿ
Bisseuil
Champillon
Cumieres
Dizy
Fontaine-sur-Aÿ
Germaine
Hautvillers
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Mutigny
Tours-sur-Marne

53
Q

What are the first-ever single-vineyard Champagne?

A

Philipponnat Clos de Goisses (Mareuil-sur-Aÿ)

54
Q

What are the 1er Cru in Grande Vallee? (Marne)

A

Bisseuil
Champillon
Cumières
Dizy
Hautvillers
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ: Billecart Salmon
Mutigny

55
Q

What are the Villages of Région d’Épernay (Coteaux Sud d’Épernay)?

A

Brugny-Vaudancourt
Chavot-Courcourt
Epernay
Mancy a
Monthelon hjbj
Morangis
Moslins
Moussy
Pierry
Saint-Martin d’Ablois
Vinay

56
Q

Who produce Folies de la Marquetterie?

A

Château de la Marquetterie, at Pierry.
This was Pierre-Charles Taittinger’s very first champagne.

57
Q

What are the village of Terroir de Condé?

A

Barzy-sur-Marne
Baulne-en-Brie
Passy-sur-Marne
Trélou-sur-Marne

58
Q

What are the villages of Western Marne Valley?

A

The Western Marne Valley comprises all the vines of the Aisne (Champagne Axonais). It also encompasses vines in the Seine-et-Marne, the most westerly of all Champagne vineyards.
It comprises of 38 villages.
https://maisons-champagne.com/en/appellation/geographical-area/the-marne-valley/?terroir=10

59
Q

What is the important zone of Pinot Meunier in Left Bank (Rive Gauche) of Vallee de la Marne?

A

Leuvrigny
Surmelin valley
Celles-lés-Condé
Connigis
Le Breuil

60
Q

What is the 5 subregion of Côte des Blancs?

A

Côte des Blancs
Montgueux
Côte de Sézanne
Coteaux du Morin
Vitryat.

61
Q

What are the 6 Grand Cru of Côte des Blancs?

A

Avize,
Chouilly
Cramant
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
Oger
Oiry

62
Q

What is the soil type of Côte des Blancs?

A

Top soil: sandy-clay (rich in lignite)
Subsoil: Belemnite
Bottom: Turn more sandy
with some micraster chalk at the edge of the lower slopes, and extends out across the plains beneath

63
Q

What is the villages of Cote des Blancs?

A

Avize
Bergères-les-Vertus
Chouilly
Cramant
Cuis
Grauves
Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger
Oger
Oiry
Vertus

64
Q

What is the villages of Montgueux (Cote des Blanc)

A

Montgueux

65
Q

What is the villages of Sezanne?

A

Allemant
Barbonne Fayel
Bergères-sous-Montmirail
Bethon
Broyes
Chantemerle
Fontaine-Denis-Nuisy
La Celle-sous-Chantemerle
Montgenost
Saudoy
Sézanne
Vindey

66
Q

What is the villages of Val du Petit Morin?

A

Baye
Beaunay
Broussy-le-Grand
Coizard-Joches
Congy
Courjeonnet
Etoges
Étréchy
Fèrebrianges
Givry-lès-Loisy
Loisy-en-Brie
Mondement-Montgivroux
Oyes
Soulières
Talus-Saint-Prix
Val-des-Marais
Vert-Toulon
Villeneuve Renneville
Villevenard
Voipreux

67
Q

What is the villages of Vitryat?

A

Bassu
Bassuet
Changy
Couvrot
Glannes
Lisse-en-Champagne
Loisy-sur-Marne
Merlaut
Saint-Amand-sur-Fion
Saint-Lumier-en-Champagne
Val-de-Vière
Vanault-le-Châtel
Vavray-le-Grand
Vavray-le-Petit
Vitry-en-Perthois

68
Q

All the villages of the Côte de Sézanne are located within the Marne department except for?

A

Villenauxe-la-Grande (Aube)

69
Q

What is the soil of Cote des Sezanne?

A

Topsoil: marl, clay, and sand
Subsoil (East and northeast): chalk, both belemnite and micraster

Overall, the Sézannais is more clays and argillaceous alluvium than chalk.

70
Q

What is Coteaux du Morin (Val du Petit Morin) previosuly called?

A

Région de Congy
Région de Congy-Villevenard

71
Q

What are the 1er Cru in Cotes des Blanc?

A

Bergères-lès-Vertus
Cuis
Étréchy
Grauves
Pierry
Val-des-Marais (Coligny)- Most southern
Vertus
Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
Voipreux

72
Q

What is the sub districts of Cotes des Bar?

A

Bar-sur-Aube (Barsuraubois)
Bar-sur-Seine (Barséquanais)

73
Q

What are the soils of the Côte des Bar

A

Top soil: gravelly limestone scree, either weathered or oolitic

Subsoil: gray and beige limestone strata, usually fossil rich and sometimes with a high active lime content

74
Q

When does échelle des crus officially abolished?

A

2010

75
Q

When does Echelle des Crus established and what is the purpose?

A

1919
Created in effort recognize different terroirs within the large sparkling AOP. It ranks the wine producing village and the vineyard that surround them as one entity.

76
Q

What is the ranking details of Echelle des Crus?

A

The ranking was based on the type of subsoil, slopes gradient, and sun exposure.

Villages and their vineyard were ranked on a scale of 80-100%
Grand Cru: 100% (Total 17)
Premier Cru: 90-99% (Total 42 villages)
Village: 80-89% (225 Villages)

77
Q

What are the 5 villages promoted to GC status in 1985

A

When the Échelle des Crus was first established, 12 villages received Grand cru status. In 1985 that number was expanded to 17 with the promotion of five villages (Chouilly, Mesnil-sur-Oger, Oger, Oiry and Verzy)

78
Q

What are the impact of Echelle des Crus?

A

CIVC (Comte Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne) announced the price per kilo for fruit from 100% rated vineyard.
Since 2003, the Echelle has no longer been used to set the price for grapes on the open market, prices are now settled by individual contract.

79
Q

What are the maximum % vintage champagne can use from the harvest?

A

80%

80
Q

Who produce the first Prestige Cuvee Champagne?

A

Louis Roederer’s Cristal (1876, made as a private bottling exclusively for Czar Alexander II and was not sold to the public until 1945)

Dom Pérignon (launched 1936, 1st commercial prestige champagne)

81
Q

What is Special Club?

A

The Club Trésors de Champagne (originally Club de Viticulteurs Champenois) was established in 1971 as a collection of growers marketing their wines together to compete with the larger negociants.

82
Q

What are the general rules of Membership for Club Trésors de Champagne (Special Club)?

A
  • Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
  • Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
  • Members must respect and uphold the Club’s charter
83
Q

What are the rules of Special Club?

A
  • The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
  • The Club Trésors will declare a vintage as being worthy of “Special Club” prestige cuvées, then each member may decide individually whether or not to produce a “Special Club” wine
  • All base wines andfinished “Special Club” wines must undergo tasting analysis
  • All “Special Club” bottles share an identical label and bottle shape
  • A Special Club champagne may only be made in outstanding vintage years
84
Q

Who are the founder of Special Club?

A

Paul Bara (Bouzy), Gaston Chiquet (Dizy), Pierre Gimonnet et Fils (Cuis)

85
Q

What are the single vineyard champagne of Moët & Chandon?

A

La Trilogie des Grands Crus
Les Vignes de Saran (100% Chardonnay from Chouilly)
Les Champs de Romont (Pinot Meunier from Sillery)
Les Sarments d’Aÿ (Pinot Noir from Aÿ)

86
Q

Who produce the first rosé Champagne?

A

Ruinart’s Oeil de Perdrix Mousseux

87
Q

Name demi-sec champagne producer.

A

Pol Roger Rich
Selosse Equise
Roederer Carte Blanche

88
Q

Name doux champagne producer?

A

Veuve Clicquot’s Rich and Rich Rosé

89
Q

What is the space between vine in champagne ?

A

The space between vines within the same row can range between 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters (roughly 3 feet and 4.9 feet), while the distance between rows must not exceed 1.5 meters.

90
Q

What is “en foule” means?

A

French for “in a crowd,” this term refers to a method of planting vines that relies on a layering system; these vineyards would have had a vine density of over 25,000 per hectare. Rare examples survive today, such as Clos Saint-Jacques, a walled vineyard in Aÿ that belongs to Bollinger and is half planted en foule.

91
Q

What are the 4 systems of vine training are allowed in Champagne

A

Chablis (cordon-trained systems)
Cordon (cordon-trained systems)
Guyot (Head trained system)
Vallée de la Marne (cordon-trained systems)

92
Q

What are the training systems permitted for grand and premier cru vineyard

A

Chablis and Cordon training systems

93
Q

What are Chablis system ?

A

The Chablis system was developed in the Chablis district in the 19th century, and at least 90% of all Chardonnay vines in Champagne are trained by this method. A maximum of five buds are allowed for Chardonnay, Meunier, and Petit Meslier, and up to four are allowed for other grapes

94
Q

What is cordon de Royat system?

A

the spur-trained, cane-pruned system was developed in the mid-19th century at the Royat agricultural school, in southwestern France. It is considered the best vine training system for Pinot Noir. Only one main branch is permitted, along which shoots above branch level are spaced at a minimum of 15-centimeter (6-inch) intervals. Each shoot may have two buds (three for Chardonnay, the first being infertile), but the end shoot is also allowed to be an extension of the main branch itself and may have four buds (five for Chardonnay).

95
Q

What is Guyot system?

A

Guyot is a cane-pruned system, with a main spur (or spurs if double Guyot is used) that is not permanent but renewed annually. In the version known as single (or simple) Guyot, a single, annually renewable branch is allowed, with 10 productive buds, whereas for double Guyot, two annually renewable branches are permitted, with 8 buds each.

96
Q

what is Vallée de la Marne system?

A

restricted to Meunier vines and vineyards that are not classified as either grand or premier cru. There are four variants of this system, all of which have different shoot requirements. In the basic version, there are six buds on the main permanent spur and nine on the secondary. When the main branch reaches the next plant, it is replaced by the secondary branch.

97
Q

What is the pressing limit ?

A

Until 1990, the maximum pressing limit was 26.6 hectoliters per 4,000 kilograms. In 1991, this was reduced to 25.5 hectoliters per 4,000 kilograms (102 liters per 160 kilograms) at the press and 25 hectoliters after fermentation.

98
Q

What is the maximum permitted yield

A

Since 2007, the maximum permitted yield has been 15,500 kilograms (96.9 hectoliters per hectare).

*Growers must ensure that no block of vines exceeds 18 bunches per square meter, and, whatever the average yield for their entire viticultural holdings might be, no individual parcel of vines may exceed an average yield of 21,700 kilograms per hectare (138 hectoliters per hectare).

99
Q
A

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