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Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main soil and grape of the Aube/Cote des Bar

A

Clay

Pinot Noir

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2
Q

What are the 5 main areas of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Cotes Des Blancs
Vallee de la Marne
Cote de Sezanne
Aube/Cote de Bar

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3
Q

Whats the main grape of Cote de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

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4
Q

What is the key soil type of Champagne?

More specific, which 2 types of that soil are featured, and where are those found?

A

Chalk

Belemnite Chalk, found on the hillsides
Micraster Chalk, found in the valley floors

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5
Q

What grape is featured in the Valle de la Marne?

What about that grape makes it suitable for the area?

A

Pinot Meunier

Meunier likes the heavier clay soils here, and the lower lying Marne is significantly more frost prone, which is perfect because Meunier buds 2 weeks later than Chardonnay or Pinot.

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6
Q

What grape dominates plantings on the Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

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7
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims in relative order from North to South (9)

A

Sillery
Puisieulx
Beaumont sur Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly Champagne
Verzy
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonnay

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8
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Cotes des Blancs from North to South (6)

A

Chouilly
Oiry
Cremant
Avize
Oger
Le Mesnil sur Oger

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9
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Vallee de la Marne (2)

A

Ay

Tours sur Marne - understand this grand cru sits on the Marne, but the vineyards of Bouzy roll right into it. So…its “Vallee de la Marne” but stylistically its more akin to Montagne de Reims grand crus (its planted to 72% pinot noir).

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10
Q

Historically, what was the Echelle de Crus, and what was it used for?

A

A ranking system splitting up vineyards of Champagne into Grand Cru, Premier Cru, and Deuxieme Crus.

The ranking determined what price growers could get for their fruit from producers.

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11
Q

What governing body regulates Champagne? Since what year?

What are its responsibilities?

A

CIVC - Comite Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne 1941

Setting viticulture and vinification standards

Protecting the brand name/marketing

Managing relationships between growers and producers

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12
Q

What is the minimum time spent on the lees for NV Champagne, and how long must it age in total?

What percent of production does the NV style account for?

A

12 months lees, 15 months total

75%

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13
Q

What grapes are authorized for Champagne production?

What hybrid grape was approved in 2021 on a trial basis and why?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Meunier

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Arbane, Petit Meslier

Voltis, its resistant to powdery/downy mildew, thus reducing the need to spray—> sustainability initiative

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14
Q

How long must a vintage champagne spend ageing on the lees, and in total?

A

12 months lees, 36 months total

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15
Q

What percent of a harvest may be sold as a vintage champagne?

If vintage dated, what percent of the wine must be from that year?

A

80%

100%

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16
Q

What is unique about the production of Rose Champagne?

A

While saignee is permitted, its the only AOC in France where blending base wines is permitted for rose production.

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17
Q

What pruning methods are allowed in Champagne?

A

Guyot (Double and Single)
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Valle de la Marne (Meunier only)

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18
Q

In what year was AOC Champagne established?

A

1936

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19
Q

What is a Marc?

What type of press fits exactly 1 marc?

A

4000kg of grapes

Coquard press

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20
Q

What are the three portions of juice extracted from pressing in Champagne production?

A

1st Vin de Cuvee 2050L
2nd Vin de Taille 500L
3rd Rebeche 1-10% of the total

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21
Q

What is Debourbage?

A

the settling of the juice after pressing, to rack and remove solids before the 1st fermentation.

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22
Q

What are Vin Clairs?

A

The base wines for Champagne, typically ~11% ABV and screeching high acid.

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23
Q

What is assemblage in Champagne production?

A

Vin Clairs are tasted, and blended, with any incoming reserve wines, before the 2nd fermentation.

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24
Q

What is Liqueur de Tirage?

A

The mixture of sugar, wine, and yeast that will kickstart the 2nd fermentation.

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25
What is Prise de Mousse? And about how long will this take?
The name for the 2nd fermentation. About 8 weeks.
26
How much will the ABV rise during the 2nd fermentation?
1-1.5%
27
What is Sur Latte? Pointage? Sur Pointe?
Sur Latte - bottles are stored on their side while they sit on the lees. Pointage - If needed, during riddling, bottles are shaken to dislodge yeast stuck to the side of the bottle. Sur Point - after riddling, bottles are kept top pointing down with the yeast cells in the neck ready for disgorgement.
28
What is remuage? A remuer?
Riddling If done by hand, the person doing it.
29
Who invented the Pupitre? Who invented the Gyropalette?
Barbe Nicole Ponsardin (Madame Cliquot) Claude Cazals
30
How long does riddling by hand take? And by gyropalette?
8 weeks by hand, 1 week by gyropalette
31
What is the modern method of disgorgement called?
Degorgement a la Glace
32
What is Liqueur d'Expedition?
The dosage
33
How big is a piccolo? A Methuselah?
187mL 6L
34
How big is a Demi? A Solomon?
375mL 18L
35
How big is a Jeroboam? A Balthazar?
3L 12L
36
How big is a Salmanazar? A Nebuchadnezzar?
9L 15L
37
What is transvasage and why is it used?
Transfer Method When needed, Champagne can be disgorged into a large pressurized tank in order to be rebottled in specialty sized bottles for sale. Permitted for Piccolo, and Methusaleh or larger. 20% of NV wine may be transferred into Demi
38
Give the g/L range for these dosage. Doux Extra Dry Brut Nature
Doux 50+ Extra Dry 12-17 Brut Nature 0-3
39
Give the g/L for these dosage. Extra Brut Brut Sec Demi Sec
EB 0-6 B 0-12 S 17-32 DS 32-50
40
What was Dom Perignon's first release? Of what vintage?
1936 1921 vintage
41
What did Champagne producers use to color their wines back in the day in an effort to compete with Burgundy?
Elderberry
42
What did Andre Francois discover?
The precise amount of sugar required for 2nd fermentation to occur without accumulating so much co2 pressure so that the bottle exploded.
43
What was the first single vineyard Champagne, and in what year?
Clos des Goisses, Phillipponat, 1935
44
What is a bidule?
a plastic cap that gathers sediment during remuage.
45
Who makes Cuvee Louise?
Pommery
46
Who makes Comtes de Champagne?
Taittinger
47
Who makes La Grande Dame?
Veuve Cliquot
48
What is Ruinart's Tete de Cuvee?
Dom Ruinart
49
Who makes Cristal?
Louis Roederer
50
Who makes Sir Winston Churchill?
Pol Roger
51
What is Piper Heidsieck's Tete de Cuvee?
Rare
52
Who makes Belle Epoque and Fleur de Champagne?
Perrier Jouet
53
Who makes Cuvee Josephine?
Joseph Perrier
54
Who makes Nec Plus Ultra?
Bruno Paillard
55
Who makes Cuvee R Lalou?
G.H. Mumm
56
Who makes Grand Siecle and Alexandra rose?
Laurent Perrier
57
Who makes Blanc des Millenaires?
Charles Heidsieck
58
Who makes Cuvee Paradis? (champagne)
Alfred Gratien
59
Who makes Celebris?
Gosset
60
What is Duval Leroy's Tete de Cuvee?
Femme de Champagne
61
Who makes Charles de Gaulle?
Drappier
62
What is Diebolt Vallois's Tete de Cuvee?
Fleur de Passion
63
What are Deutz's two Tete de Cuvee's?
Cuvee William Deutz Amour de Deutz
64
Who makes Catherine de Medicis?
De Meric
65
Who makes Louis XV and Grand Vin des Princes?
De Venoge
66
Who makes Cuvee Commodore?
De Castellane
67
Who makes Charles VII
Canard Duchene
68
Who makes La Grande Annee
Bollinger
69
Who makes Venus?
Agrapart
70
Bergeres Les Vertus, Cuis, Vertus, and Grauves are all top 1er cru in what Champagne region?
Cotes des Blancs
71
What 5 villages were promoted to Grand Cru in 1985?
Verzy, Chouilly, Oiry, Oger, Le Mesnil Sur Oger
72
In what year was the Champagne region delimited? What region was left out and added in later?
1908 Aube/Cote de Bar 1927
73
By what year was 'mousseaux' synonymous with the wines of Champagne? What innovation made fully sparkling wine production viable on a large scale?
1724 Coal fired glass bottles became available towards the end of the 17th century, which were much stronger than the wood fired versions.
74
Who makes Cuvee Laetitia and Cuvee Julie?
Henri Billiot
75
Who makes Clos St Hilaire?
Billecart Salmon
76
How many bottles of Champagne are made on average recently? How many growers are there? How many villages are allowed to make Champagne?
339 million About 20,000 319
77
What is Bouvreux?
A second crop, created when rain disrupts flowering. Always left on the vine and not used.
78
To qualify as a Recoltant Manipulant (RM), what percent of fruit and production must come from your estate?
95%
79
What house has produced sparkling wine for the longest time, and since what year? Which house has been in production continuously for the longest? (still wines)
Ruinart 1729 Gosset 1584
80
What does 'RC' on the label mean?
Recoltant Cooperateur - a grower that has a coop vinify their wines, sold under their own label.
81
What is Les Bleus de Ville? When was it outlawed?
The pieces of blue bags that held compost shipped from Paris, scattered in the vineyards still. 1998
82
What is Rose de Riceys?
An AOC in the Aube for still rose made from Pinot Noir from the town of Riceys. Semi Carbonic maceration utilized.
83
What is the still wine AOC covering all of the Champagne region? What is it approved to make?
Coteaux Champenois AOC still white, red, and rose
84
What was Dom Perignon famous for being a savant at? Where was he cellar master and when?
Blending Abbey de Hautvilliers 1668-1715
85
What is the Club Tresors and when was it founded? What is it?
Champagne Special Club 1971 A group of grower producers dedicated to making top quality champagne. The 'Special Club' moniker is for each producer's "Tete de Cuvee"
86
Name 5 prominent Special Club producers. How many are there currently?
Paul Bara Charlier Gaston Chiquet Dumenil Pierre Gimonnet Henri Goutorbe Marc Hebrart Hervieux Dumez Juillet Lallement J. Lassalle Salmon
87
What requirements are there to be in the Club Tresors?
All fruit must be grown, vinified, and bottled on site Special Club wines have 2 tasting panels to pass, one for the base wines, and if they pass, one for the champagne produced after 3 years of ageing.
88
What is a CM? Give 2 examples.
A Co-op Manipulant, a group of growers making wine under 1 label. Nicolas Feuillatte, Jacquart
89
What Grand Cru is approved for only red grapes?
Tours sur Marne, premier cru for white
90
In what year was the Champagne region first delimited? What region was left out, and when was it included?
1908 The Aube, added 1927
91
What is the climate of Champagne like?
Cool continental, wet, Atlantic influenced. Coldest, wettest in the world at the 48th parallel
92
What is an MA?
A Marque d'Acheter. Essentially a big company buying Champagne for sale under its own label.
93
What is a ND?
Negociant Distributeur A middle man company that distributes Champagne it didn't make.
94
What is the top village in the Cote de Sezanne?
Bethon
95
What is a NM?
A producer purchasing its base wines and/or grapes. Moet et Chandon, Taittanger, et al.
96
What are the 2 top Premier Crus in Champagne, with a 99 rating in the Echelle des Crus? What region are they in?
Mareuil sur Ay - Valle de la Marne Tauxieres - Montagne de Reims
97
Vaudemange, Villiers-Marmery, Trepail, Billy le Grand are all top premier crus in what Champagne region?
Montagne de Reims
98
Who makes Gastronome?
Pierre Gimonnet
99
What is Salon's Tete de Cuvee?
Le Mesnil
100
What is Egly Ouriet's top lieu dit? What village is it in?
Les Crayeres. Ambonnay
101
Who makes Cuvee de Enchanteleurs?
Henriot
102
Who makes Cuvee Alpha?
Jacquart
103
Who makes the expensive lieu dit Champagnes of Clos d'Ambonnay and Clos du Mesnil?
Krug
104
What are Larmandier Bernier's top two lieu dit wines?
VV du Levant Terre de Vertus
105
What Champagne producers are known for barrel fermentations?
Krug Bollinger Alfred Gratien
106
Who makes Palms d'Or?
Nicolas Feuillatte
107
What is Oenotheque? What is it known as now? What is the stylistic thing to know about these wines? What are 3 other producers that make a similar style?
Oenotheque is a late disgorgement Champagne of Dom Perignon. It's no longer made, replaced by the Plenitude line, P2 and P3. Bollinger RD Jacquesson DT Bruno Paillard
108
How are the recent vintages of '21 and '20 shaping up in Champagne?
2021 was tough. reduced yields and rainy, fruit struggled to ripen. 2020 was hot. Heat spikes led to poor acid levels, and a short growing season. Wines could still be ok.
109
How do the 2019 and 2018 Champagne vintages look?
2019 - challenges during the season, heat spikes and sunburn. Fruit that made it looks to be quality, red grapes fared better. 2018 unique year, premature harvest with high yields. So acid levels aren't great, but the vintage gave producers plenty of material to work with.
110
What went wrong in the 2017 Champagne vintage?
Nasty frost, then rain and rot in Summer. Red grapes were a disaster. Some solid Blanc de Blancs were made though.
111
How are the 2016 and 2015 vintages for Champagne?
2016 was a stressful weather year, Chardonnay struggled, yields down. The fruit that did make it was solid though, better for red grapes. 2015 was fine, but there are issues of balance and depth in the fruit. Acidity is lower, aromatics are off.
112
Hows the 2014 vintage looking compared to 2013 in Champagne?
14 was up and down. Wet conditions hurt the Meunier crop (rot). Good yields though. There's quality here but 2013 was better. 2013 looked like a challenge, cool Spring, late harvest in October. Wines turned out very good, albeit variable.
113
How were the Champagne vintages of 2010, 2011, and 2012?
Well, 2011 didn't yield much ripe fruit at all, very few vintage wines. 2010 wasn't much better, dry early which stunted growth, then heavy rain in August and battles with Botrytis everywhere. 2012 was a rockstar, despite the challenging weather early. A rare high acid, high sugar vintage, almost as good as 2008.
114
Describe the rockstar 2008 vintage in Champagne. How did the season unfold?
Damp early in the season gave way to a dry warm late summer with cool nights. The low and slow approach yielded perfect ripeness and great acid.
115
How are the 2009 and 2007 vintages of Champagne?
2009 yielded ripe fruit with lower acidity, average year, Pinot fared best. 2007 had a wet Summer, average year, where Chardonnay fared much better.
116
Hows the 2006 vintage in Champagne?
Very high yielding. Hot, dry and sunny till August. Ripe crop but lower on acid. Good vintage but not great.
117
How were the 2004 and 2003 vintages in Champagne?
2004 was a massive yield year, but also delivered on quality. Easy growing season. 2003 was rough. Nasty frost, the hail, then, extremely hot Summer. Fruit that did make it misses the acidity it needed.
118
How was the 2002 vintage in Champagne compared to 2001?
2002 was excellent. Dry conditions, easy growing season, high yields. A near perfect vintage. 2001 was awful. Vines were carrying high yields when rains came and diluted it, and prevented ripeness. Very few vintage wines.
119
How many 1er cru Champagne villages are there?
42
120
What is Ratafia? Name 3 other examples from other French AOC'S
A Vin de Liqueur made from the 3rd press of Champagne grapes, by fortifying with Brandy or eau de vie. Floc de Gascogne SW France Pineau de Charentes Cognac Macvin du Jura

Champagne (1 decks)

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