Challenges To The Authority Of State In The Late 18th And 19th Centuries: Key Terms

Question 1

What is capitalism?

Answer 1

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

Question 2

Democracy

Answer 2

A system of government where eligible members of the population elect their leaders/representatives

Question 3

What does the term ‘closed shop’ mean?

Answer 3

A place of work where all employees must belong to an agreed trade union

Question 4

Entrepreneur

Answer 4

A person who sets up a business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit

Question 5

Artisan

Answer 5

A worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand

Question 6

Knobstick

Answer 6

A term for a worker who is not part of a union and works when others are striking

Question 7

Picketing

Answer 7

A form of protest in which people gather outside a place or work or location where and event is taking place, in order to draw public attention to a cause

Question 8

Dividend

Answer 8

A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits

Question 9

Shareholder

Answer 9

Somebody that owns share ( a percentage or part of) in a company

Question 10

Mutualism

Answer 10

Mutualism is a relationship that benefits both individuals involved

Question 11

Cooperative economics

Answer 11

An economic system whereby those who follow its principles and values can meet their basic needs

Question 12

Laissez faire economics

Answer 12

An economic system that is free from government intervention

Question 13

What is the difference between parliament and government?

Answer 13

Parliament is a group of elected politicians who make laws for the country
Government is the group of people/ party who officially control a country

Question 14

Hunger politics

Answer 14

Humanitarian aid to help the hunger conditions worldwide

Question 15

Constitution

Answer 15

The basic principles and laws of a nation/ state that determines the powers and duties of the government and guarantees certain rights to people in it

Question 16

Patronage

Answer 16

Privilege or financial aid given by one organisation or individual to another

Question 17

Pocket borough

Answer 17

A constituency controlled by one person or family who owned the land; this family would have controlled the election of political representatives. These areas had very small electorates

Question 18

Rotten borough

Answer 18

A small constituency maintained by the crown or an aristocrat; these areas had the right to elect members of the House of Commons

Question 19

Sedition

Answer 19

Speech or writing a that encourages people to rebel against the authority of state or monarch

Question 20

Two party system

Answer 20

Party system where 2 major political parties dominate the government
One of the two typically holds a majority in government and other hold the minority’s or is an opposition party

Question 21

Lobby

Answer 21

To persuade a politician, government or official group on an issue

Question 22

What did an Adullamite believe in 1866?

Answer 22

The Adullamites were an anti-reform group in the U.K. liberal party who believed that giving working men (skilled ones) a vote was wrong

Question 23

Agrarian

Answer 23

The use of land for farming

Question 24

Joint stock bank

Answer 24

A bank which is a public company with shares owned by investors rather than by the government

Question 25

Cottage industry

Answer 25

A business or manufacturing activity carried out in a persons home

Question 26

Trade union

Answer 26

An organised association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests

Question 27

New model unionism

Answer 27

Skilled workers grouping together to form a conservative craft union ( trade union combining workers who specialise in a particular craft or skill) known as new model unionism, that used calm negotiation to achieve aims

Question 28

Aristocracy of labour

Answer 28

Privilege and highly paid skilled factory workers

Upper section of the working class

Question 29

Piecework

Answer 29

Work paid for according to the amount produced

Question 30

TUC

Answer 30

Trade Union Congress - national trade union centre that represents trade unions

Question 31

Parish

Answer 31

A small district that has its own church and priest

Question 32

Pauperism

Answer 32

Pauperism is a term meaning poverty/ state of being poor

The paupers would have revived relief under the poor laws

Question 33

Less eligibility

Answer 33

The condition of the pauper in the workhouse should not be as attractive as that of the poorest labourer outside the workhouse

Question 34

Non-conformism

Answer 34

A term used to describe people/ non-conformists who did not or refused to follow the rules of the Church of England

Question 35

Panopticon

Answer 35

A type of institutional building and a system of control, designed by Jeremy Bentham ( type of prison)