challenges to home and abroad

Question 1

what were the causes of the revolt of the northern Earls

Answer 1

• -elizabeth overlooked the number of recusants (secret practicers of catholicism)
• -Mary Queen of scots was alive and was an alternative monarch
• growing irritation of the papacy
• -northern earls were given large amounts of power under mary tudor (they were allowed to do whatever they wanted in their territories)
• elizabeth’s government favoured protestants over catholics
• the earls were irritated that elizabeth did not announce a successor so they would have no idea about the future religion of the country

Question 2

what did the plan of the revolt of the northern earls consist of? 1569

Answer 2

-established that duke of norfolk (thomas howard) would marry Mary I and then he would help her overthrow elizabeth

Question 3

what was believed that Mary queen of scots told a spanish ambassador in 1569

Answer 3

it was believed that Mary told the spanish ambassador that she would become Queen of England in the next three months and restore catholicism within England.

Question 4

what two other Earls ( aside from duke of norfolk thomas howard) supported the revolt?

Answer 4

• Earl of northumberland Thomas Percy

- Earl of westmoreland Charles neville

Question 5

The earls could not carry out a revolt on their own, as a result who were they reliant on

Answer 5

-reliant on spanish troops joining them on the coast.

Question 6

who was the plot( revolt of northern Earls) uncovered by

Answer 6

• the plot was reported by Robert Dudley to queen elizabeth

- the duke of norfolk was arrested but not killed.

Question 7

How big was the army that the northern Earls raised?

Answer 7

-they raised an army of 4000 and travelled south

Question 8

what was the name of the cathedral they took over?

Answer 8

• Durham Cathedral

- celebrated mass there as a clear sign of their intention to restore catholicism.

Question 9

Elizabeth recognised that Mary was the catholics ultimate control and moved her to conventry to prevent her from being freed
the plot failed why?

Answer 9

• spanish support never arrived
• nobles in lancashire and cheshire refused to join partly due to fear of failure but also due to loyalty to the monarchy.

Question 10

Earl of northumberland was caught and beheaded for treason. as well as this, how many ordinary people suspected of rebellion did Elizabeth ordered to be killed?

Answer 10

700 ordinary people

Question 11

what was the significance of the failed plot?

Answer 11

rebellion highlighted to Elizabeth the real threat posed by Mary (queen of scots)
pope pius V was disgusted by Elizabeth’s treatment with the rebels and exocommunicated her from the Catholic Church. this signalled to other catholics that it was the optimum time to plot against Elizabeth.
Elizabeth became more wary of English Catholics, she was no longer as lenient.( her control over the north strengthened as she became harsher towards catholics)

Question 12

list the names of three catholic plots (after the revolt of the northern Earls

Answer 12

Ridolfi
throckmorton
babbington

Question 13

list the names of three catholic plots (after the revolt of the northern Earls

Answer 13

Ridolfi
throckmorton
babbington

Question 14

how were these plots stopped

Answer 14

francis walsingham’s spy network

Question 15

The ridolfi plot took place in 1571 it was orchestrated by an italian banker Roberto Ridolfi. it planned to use the support of Spain and the pope to overthrow Elizabeth. it would also ensure a marriage between Mary Queen of Scots and Duke of norfolk (previously involved in revolt of the nothern Earls) and restore catholicism in England. read this and answer the question from memory
Describe two features of the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 15

-the ridolfi plot took place in 1571 it was orchestraed by an Italian banker Roberto ridolfi. it planned to use support of spain and the pope to overthrow Elizabeth
-It would also ensure a marriage between Mary Queen of Scots and Duke of Norfolk and restore catholicism in England.
dont move on until you know this from memory

Question 16

How did the plot play out

Answer 16

Ridolfi travelled to the Netherlands to meet the duke of Alba, he tried to persuade him to invade England. He then travelled to Italy and then to Spain to persuade the pope and king Phillip II to send an army. however the Duke of alba and the Spanish monarchy had reservations they thought it was best to wait for queen Elizabeth to be removed from the throne before sending in their support

Question 17

were Francis Walsingham’s team aware of the plot

Answer 17

yes, francis walsinghams team was aware and had already arrested servants of the Duke of Norfolk who then confessed the plots details.

Question 18

what happened when Duke of Norfolk was arrested

Answer 18

when norfolk was arrested Ridolfi realised that the plot had been uncovered. he remained in paris, he wrote to Mary that he would retire in privacy.

Question 19

what happened as a result of the plot

Answer 19

duke of norfolk was arrested in 1572 and ridolfi continued to work for the pope and retired in relative wealth.

Question 20

what is suggested about Roberto Ridolfi

Answer 20

it has been suggested that Ridolfi may have been working for walsingham all along but there is no concrete evidence to support this claim.

Question 21

what did Elizabeth do as a retaliation to the Ridolfi plot

Answer 21

she passed a law conveying that anyone who spoke against her as Queen, would be labelled a traitor

Question 22

what happened a few weeks after Elizabeth passed the law that stated anyone who spoke out against her as queen would be labelled a traitor

Answer 22

Mary’s relatives in France orchestrated a massacre of protestants in Paris, as a result fear of a catholic plot in England escalated.

Question 23

throckmorton plot 1583, heightened the threat that Mary Queen of scots posed. it was orchestrated by francis Throckmorton who carried letters between the Spanish and French governments and Queen Mary. the plan was to incite an uprising in the North and at the same time the duke of guise would lead a french invasion. this was supported by king phillip the second. The aim again was to put Mary on the throne and restore catholicism. the english government treated this more seriously, claiming that the main aim was targeting “her majestys person” meaning her life

Answer 23

decribe two features of throckmorton plot- throckmorton plot 1583, heightened the threat the Mary Queen of scots posed to Elizabeth. it was orchestrated by sir francis throckmorton who carried letters between french and spanish governments and Mary.
-the plan was to incite a rebellion in the North and at the same time the Duke of Guise would lead a french invasion. the plan was supported by King Phillip II

Question 24

why did the throckmorton plot fail 1583

Answer 24

because king phillip did not send the money he promised
evidence of the plot was gathered after monitoring throckmorton leading to his arrest and the search of his house. it was not possible to conclude whether or not mary had been aware of the plot.

Question 25

when was throckmorton executed

Answer 25

1584

Question 26

fears of plots to kill Elizabeth grew following the assassination of prince william I of Orange in july 1584 king phillip of spain had declared him an outlaw and a traitor to catholicism

Answer 26

it was clear of what would happen to royalty that did not have catholic beliefs

Question 27

the english government slowly began gathering evidence that Mary Queen of scots was involved in the plots. this came with the babington plot

Answer 27

1586

Question 28

anthony babington was a 25 year old catholic. he wrote to Mary who had been imprisoned by Elizabeth for 19 years. in his letters he stated 6 steps that could be used to kill Elizabeth and put Mary on the throne. spies had been placed in Marys household what did they presuade her to do

Answer 28

persuaded her of a safe way to send the letters. in reality all the letters were sent to Francis walsingham the spymaster

Question 29

as a result, elizabeth’s government was aware of the plot from the start they recieved the evidence they needed when Mary replied to Babington saying

Answer 29

“four stout men furnished with good and speedy horses” indirect confrimation of marys desire to overthrow and kill elizabeth

Question 30

all involved were arrested, hung, drawn and quartered in

Answer 30

september 1586

Question 31

Mary was exempt from harsh treatment as her status as queen posed some problems

Answer 31

royalty was traditionally exempt from facing public trial.

Question 32

the plots could not have been uncovered without sir francis walsingham whose spy network foiled every catholic plot. how did the spy network foil plots so efficiently

Answer 32

they intercepted and decoded cyphered letters before sending them on. without evidence of the interception
they interrogated and tortured captured priests and they would search residencies suspected of involvement

Question 33

walsingham hired spies overseas and within england from a variety of backgrounds some were trained and some were ordinary citizens

Answer 33

between 1570 and 1578 walsingham helped pass a number of acts against catholics
he also helped pass the 1584 bond of association which stated that if elizabeths life was threatened, mary would be executed

Question 34

mary was put through a lengthy trial and was found guilty she was reccomended for execution

Answer 34

1587, feb 8 she was executed after much deliberation from elizabeth

Question 35

mary born 8 decmeber

Answer 35

1542

Question 36

marys claim was seen are more ligitmate as her hergrandmither was henry the viis sister. elizabeth was duaghter of henrys second wife whos marriage was nt aproved by pope.

Answer 36

mary become queen of scotland at a few days old, her mother mary of guise ruled on her behalf until she was old enough to role, she was set to marry heir of french throne francis ii she became a devout catholic which provided further ammunition for devout english catholics who saw her as their rigjtfl queen

Question 37

in 1559, francis became king and mary became queen of france of scotland

Answer 37

unfortunately francis died in 1560 and Mary was forced to return to Scotland.

Question 38

whilst Mary had been living in france

Answer 38

scottish protestants had become more powerful. mary was seen as an outsider and unprepared for the protestant opposition that awaited her.

Question 39

Mary married her cousin Lord Darnley. her marriage quickly turned sour despite the birth of her son james who possessed a double claim to ythe englsih throne

Question 40

in 1567 on the 10th of february the house that lord darnley was staying in was

Answer 40

destroyed by gunpowder explosion. his body was found in the garden he had suffocated. some began to suspect Marys involvement in his murder as she married the key suspect the Earl of Bothwell

Question 41

catholics and proytestants were outraged 26 scottish lords known as the confderate lords forced mary to abdicate the throne in favour of her

Answer 41

son james vi of scotland

Question 42

mary fled to england hoping the elizabeth would help her

Answer 42

elizabeth agreed to hold an enquiry and allowed Mary to stay although she kept her a safe distance from scotland and london.

Question 43

mary was allowed to live fairly luxuriously although she was constatntly

Answer 43

supervised and largelt restricted to the house

Question 44

now that mary was in england the threat to elizabeth increased

Answer 44

catholics sough to put her on the throne

Question 45

following the throckmorton plot in 1583, sir francis walsingham helped pass the bond asssociation which declared anyone plotting against elizabeth would be executed

Answer 45

mary was arrested in 1586 for her involvement in the babington plot which would see elizabeth killed and mary reinstated as queen aof england

Question 46

mary was convicted and sentenced to death on 25th october 1586

Answer 46

however elizabeth deliberated as to kill another queen would be seen as disrespectful to God as it was beleived God chose the monarch she feared the reaction king james would have and the french monarchy. she eventually signed the death warrant and mary was bheaded on the 8th if feb 1587. elizabeth was distraught and claimed her councellors acted wihtout her permission

Question 47

the catholic countries spain france and the pope were outraged by elizabeths actions and spoke out against her

Answer 47

however they were all too busy with their own countrys concerns and politics to wage war agaianst england

Question 48

king james although was distraught about the loss of his mother did not wabt to threaten the anglo scottish alliance

Answer 48

as a result he did nothing.