Challenges of nation building Flashcards
FIRST PM? WHERE DID HE GIVE HIS FIRST SPEECH? WHEN? WHAT IS IT CALLED?
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU. GAVE HIS SPEECH ON 14-15 AUGUST 1947 IN THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY. SPEECH NAME - TRYST WITH DESTINY
MAHATAMA GANDHI SAID - WHAT AND WHERE?
DAY OF CELEBRATING + MOURNING, SAID IN KOLKATA
WHAT WERE THE THREE CHALLENGES
- BUILD AN UNIFIED COUNTRY THAT ACCOMMODATES DIVERSITY
- ESTABLISH A REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTION WITH PARLIAMENTARY FORM
- ENSURE THE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF ALL SECTIONS ESPECIALLY THE NEECHE WAALE.
THE DAWN OF FREEDOM - WRITTEN BY
FAIZ AHMED FAIZ
TODAY I CALL WARIS SHAH - WRITTEN BY
AMRITA PRITAM
TWO NATION THEORY - GIVEN BY? WHAT WAS IT?
GIVEN BY MUSLIM LEAGUE, SAID THAT INDIA HAS TWO GROUPS - HINDUS AND MUSLIMS THEREFORE MUSLIMS SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE NATION - PAKISTAN. CONGRESS OPPOSED THE THEORY
PROBLEMS DURING PARTITION -
- NO SINGLE BELT OF MUSLIMS. ONCE WAS IN THE EAST AND ONE IN THE WEST AND A LARGE EXPANSE OF INDIA IN BETWEEN.
PROBLEMS PT2. WHO WAS KHAN ABDUL GAFFAR KHAN, WHAT DID HE LEAD? AND WHAT WAS HE CALLED AS?
NOT ALL MUSLIMS WANTED TO GO TO PAKISTAN.
ABDUL GAFFAR KHAN LED THE NORTHWESTERN FRONTIER PROVINCE, WHICH WAS KNOWN AS FRONTIER GANDHI. DIDN’T WANT TO GO TO PAKISTAN BUT WAS IGNORED.
PROBLEM 3?
EVEN THE MUSLIM MAJORITY REGIONS JAD NON-MUSLIM MAJORITY - PUNJAB AND BENGAL. THESE AREAS WERE BIFURCATED AND THE DEEPEST TRAUMA WAS CAUSED HERE
PROBLEM 4?
MINORITY OF BOTH THE REGIONS WERE EASY TARGETS OF ATTACK.
WHICH REGIONS WERE KNOWN AS COMMUNAL ZONES?
LAHORE, AMRITSAR, KOLKATA - COMMUNAL VIOLENCE, REFUGEE CAMPS
WHAT PRINCIPLE WAS FOLLOWED FOR PARTITION?
PRINCIPLE OF RELIGIOUS MAJORITIES
WHAT WAS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE MUSLIM POPULATION IN 1951?
12%
WHY WAS THE MUSLIM LEAGUE FORMED?
TO PROTECT THE INTERESTS OF THE MUSLIMS IN COLONIAL INDIA
WHY DID GANDHI JI KEEP A FAST? WHAT WERE ITS EFFECTS?
GANDHI JI KEPT A FAST TO STOP THE COMMUNAL RIOTS BREAKING OUT BETWEEN MUSLIMS AND HINDUS IN KOLKATTA AND DELHI. IT RESULTED IN REDUCTION OF VIOLENCE.
GANDHI JI MARGYE - BY WHO? WHY? WHEN?
WHILE GANDHI JI VOUCHED FOR HINDU- MUSLIM UNITY, EXTREMISTS WANTED THAT HINDUS SHOULD TAKE REVENGE FROM MUSLIMS AND INDIA SHOULD BE A PURELY HINDU COUNTRY. ONE SUCH EXTREMIST - NATHURAM GODSE ASSASSINATED HIM WITH THREE BULLETS. DATE - 30 JAN 1948
WHAT WERE BRITISH PROVINCES?
BRITISH PROVINCES WERE THE AREAS THAT WERE DIRECTLY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE BRITISH.
WHAT WERE PRINCELY STATES?
PRINCELY STATES WERE THE STATES RULED BY PRINCES, THEY HAD SOME CONTROL OF THEIR INTERNAL AFFAIRS TILL THE TIME THEY ACCEPTED BRITISH SUPREMACY.
WHAT WAS BRITISH PARAMOUNTCY OR SUZERAINTY?
SUPREMACY OVER STATES WHILE LETTING THEM HAVE SOME CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN AFFAIRS.
HOW MUCH AREA DID PRINCELY STATES COVER?
1/3RD OF THE LAND.
WHAT WERE THE THREE OPTIONS GIVEN TO PRINCELY STATES DURING INDEPENDENCE?
- JOIN INDIA
- JOIN PAK
- STAY INDEPENDENT
WHO PLAYED A HISTORICAL ROLE IN BRINGING THE PRINCELY STATES TOGETHER?
SARDAR VALLABH BHAI PATEL - DEP. PM + HOME MINISTER.
WHAT THREE CONSIDERATIONS GUIDED THE INDIAN GOV FOR THE INTEGRATION OF PRINCELY STATES?
- THE PEOPLE IN THE PRINCELY STATES WANTED TO BECOME PART OF INDIA
- THE GOV WAS OK WITH BEING FLEXIBLE TO GIVE AUTONOMY TO STATES.
- INTEGRATION + CONSOLIDATION OF BOUNDARIES GAINED IMPORTANCE
WHICH DOCUMENT WAS SIGNED BY PRINCELY STATES TO BE INCLUDED IN INDIA?
INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION
JUNAGARH DID NOT WANT TO BE INCLUDED IN INDIA, HOW WAS THE ISSUE RESOLVED?
PLEBSCITE BY PEOPLE CONFIRMED THEY WANTED TO JOIN INDIA
WHAT WAS THE SITUATION IN HYDERABAD?
HYDERABAD - SURROUNDED BY INDIAN STATES ON ALL SIDES. RULER - NIZAM - ONE OF THE RICHEST MEN IN THE WORLD - WANTED HYD TO BE FREE.
WHICH AGREEMENT DID HYD ENTER TO?
STANDSTILL AGREEMENT IN NOVEMBER 1947
HOW DID PEOPLE OF HYD RESPOND? WHAT DID THE NIZAM DO FIR?
THE PEOPLE OF HYD STARTED PROTESTING - ESPECIALLY THE WOMEN AND PEASANTS - COMMUNISTS AND CONGRESS LED THE MOVEMENT . THE NIZAM RESPONDED BY LAUNCHING A PARAMILITARY FORCE - RAZAKARS. THEY MAIMED, RAPED, LOOTED. CENTRAL GOVT. LAUNCHED ARMY - NIZAM FINALLY SURRENDERED.
WHAT WAS THE SITUATION IN MANIPUR?
IN MANIPUR, MAHARAJA BODHCHANDRA SINGH SIGNED THE INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION WITH THE PROMISE THAT HE WOULD HAVE CONTROL OVER INTERNAL AFFAIRS. HELD ELECTIONS-BECAME CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY-FIRST PART OF INDIA TO HOLD ELECTIONS.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MANIPUR?
THE LA WAS DIVIDED ON THE MERGER WITH INDIA-CONGRESS WANTED IT-OTHER PARTIES DIDN’T-GOV CONVINCED KING- DID MERGER WITHOUT CONSULTING LA-KHOOB DISAGREEMENT.
HOW WERE THE STATES ABOUT TO BE DIVIDED - WHICH PRINCIPLE?
LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLE RATHER THAN ADMINISTRATIVE CONVENIENCE
WHAT WAS DECIDED IN THE NAGPUR SESSION OF CONGRESS IN 1920?
IT WAS DECIDED THAT THE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS COMMITTEES WILL ALSO BE MADE BY LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLE IN STATES
WHY DID THE GOV DECIDE TO POSTPONE CARVING OUT STATES BASED ON LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLE?
- THEY THOUGHT IT MIGHT LEAD TO DISINTEGRATION
- MORE IMP ISSUES AT HAND
- FATE OF PRINCELY STATES NOT YET DECIDED
HOW AND WHY WAS A SEPARATE ANDHRA PROVINCE CREATED?
TELUGU SPEAKING PPL IN MADRAS-WANTED SEPARATE PROVINCE-VISHALANDHRA MOVEMENT.
WHO WAS POTTI SRIRAMALU? HOW DID HE AFFECT THE VISHALANDHRA MOVEMENT?
POTTI SRIRAMALU WAS A CONGRESS MEMBER AND A GANDHIAN-KEPT A FAST FOR 56 DAYS AND DIED-RESULTED IN VIOLENCE- LED TO THE FORMATION OF ANDHRA IN 1952
WHEN DID PM ANNOUNCE THE CREATION OF ANDHRA?
DECEMBER 1952
WHEN WAS THE STATES REORGANIZATION COMMISION FORMED? WHAT WAS ITS JOB?
FORMED IN 1953 - LOOK INTO REDRAWING BOUNDARIES
WHEN WAS THE STATES REORGANIZATION ACT PASSED?
1956
HOW MANY STATES AND UTS WERE FORMED?
14 STATES AND 6 UT’S.
