challenges of an urbanising world Flashcards
what is a megacity?
a city which consists of at least 10 million people
what is a world city?
a city which holds a dominant role within global processes
what is urban primacy?
defines the most important city within a particular country, which dominates the rest of the country
what is a hinterland?
the region surrounding a city
what is meant by ‘rural-urban migration’?
the process by which people change where they are living from rural areas to urban areas
what is international migration?
when people move to live in another country
what is internal migration?
when people move from one part of a country to live somewhere else within that same country
define a ‘natural increase’
the difference between the number of births and death within a year
what is formal employment?
jobs that pay taxes and provide workers with job security and legal protection (e.g. health and safety laws). these jobs are hard to get in developing countries
what is informal employment?
jobs that are not regulated: informal workers pay no taxes, but aren’t protected by the law. these jobs are easy for new arrivals in a city to get
working conditions
in emerging and developing countries there may be unsafe, stressful or uncomfortable working conditions (e.g. hot, polluted); long working hours without enough breaks; harsh penalties for lateness/ absence
what is urbanisation?
an increase in the number of people living in cities
what is suburbanisation?
the movement of people, industry and jobs from the centre of the city to its outer areas
what is counter-urbanisation?
the movement of people out of the cities into the countryside
what is regeneration?
new investment into old, run-down parts of the city (often inner city areas)
