Challenges of an urbanising world Flashcards
What is top down development?
Decisions about development that are made by the government and/or large companies
What is Bottom Up Development?
Decisions about development made by local communities and citizens of the country
How/why urbanisation is increasing?
employment opportunities are greater within urban areas
better paid jobs in the cities, and expected higher standard of living
increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates
What are some push factors/ disadvantages of urban growth?
More pollution Unemployment Smaller living areas/housing more expensive Crowded / traffic Noisy Higher chance of crime
What are some pull factors/ advantages of urban growth?
More jobs Better Security More education opportunities Better transport Better health services are available better education and health services
What are the two ways that increase populations in cities?
Natural increase (or decrease) - this is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths. Migration - this is the movement of people into or out of the city.
What are some disadvantages of top-down development ?
Government not taking people’s opinions about their country’s development into consideration.
Could lead to people disliking products and going against the government
What are some advantages of top-down development ?
experts are planning changes to development
Poor people have opportunities to get a job.
Strong management team
Clear and organized goals
What are some advantages of bottom-up development ?
The local people have control over how to change their lives
Majority of people will come to an agreement so everyone will be happy
Projects or ideas are collaboratively decided on
What are some disadvantages of bottom-up development ?
Lack of experience by the local people
TIme consuming - more people are involved
