Challenge exam

Question 1

A 20-year old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?

Answer 1

Tetraploidy

Question 2

A 55-year-old male with a 30 year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

Answer 2

Metaplasia

Question 3

When phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring?

Answer 3

Margination

Question 4

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?

Answer 4

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

When histamine is released in the body, what response would the nurse expect?

Answer 5

Bronchial dilation

Question 6

A 35 year old male is diagnosed with a hormone secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, goose bumps and increased anxiety. Which hormone is the predominant one release by the tumor?

Answer 6

Norepinephrine

Question 7

When a patient asks what types of cancers are associated with tobacco use, how should the nurse respond?

Answer 7

Squamous and small cell adenocarcinomas

Question 8

Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely and become dehydrated. The hikers are experiencing:

Answer 8

Heat exhaustion

Question 9

A 65 year old male recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding?

Answer 9

Agnosia

Question 10

A 15 year old male was struck by a motor vehicle and suffered a TBA. Paramedics found him unconscious at the scene of the accident. During the ambulance ride, he regained consciousness and was able to maintain a conversation with the medical staff. Upon arrival to hospital, he was alert and oriented. Physical exam reveals confusion and impaired responsiveness. What is the probable nature of his injury based on his history?

Answer 10

Extradural (epidural) hematoma

Question 11

A neurologist is teaching about encephalitis. Which information should the neurologist include? Most causes of encephalitis are:

Answer 11

Viral

Question 12

A nurse is teaching staff about protein hormones. Which information should the nurse include? One of the protein hormones is:

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

A 25 year old male presents with fatigue, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Tests reveal all pituitary hormones are normal and no masses are present. The nurse suspects the most likely cause of his symptoms is a dysfunction in the:

Answer 13

Pituitary stalk

Question 14

A 55 year old female is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type 2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?

Answer 14

Elevated liver enzymes

Question 15

While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the :

Answer 15

Neutrophil

Question 16

Which electrolyte will the nurse check to ensure normal platelet functioning?

Answer 16

Calcium

Question 17

A 65 year old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result of the blockage, blood would first back up into the:

Answer 17

Right ventricle

Question 18

While viewing the electrocardiogram, the nurse recalls the ___ conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum

Answer 18

Bundle of His

Question 19

A 55 year old male died of a myocardial infarction. Autopsy would most likely reveal:

Answer 19

Platelet aggregation within the atherosclerotic coronary artery

Question 20

The nurse is describing the slit-shaped space between the true vocal cords. What term should the nurse use?

Answer 20

Glottis

Question 21

When a patient’s renal system secretes rennin, what effect will that cause in the body? It causes the direct activation of:

Answer 21

Angiotensin I

Question 22

When discussing the difference between male and female sex hormones, which information should the nurse include? The major difference between male and female sex hormone production is that:

Answer 22

Sex hormone production in males is relatively constant

Question 23

A 35 year old female is diagnosed with endometriosis. Suppressing which of the following would be most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?

Answer 23

Ovulation

Question 24

For the patient experiencing esophageal reflux, the nurse would expect which sphincter to be malfunctioning?

Answer 24

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 25

The verniform appendix is attached to the

Answer 25

Cecum

Question 26

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:

Answer 26

Esophageal varices

Question 27

A 38 year old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal, nausea, and epigastric pain. Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as:

Answer 27

Pyloric obstruction

Question 28

Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of osteoblasts? Once their initial function is complete, osteoblasts become:

Answer 28

Osteocytes

Question 29

When the physical therapist is describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?

Answer 29

Diarthrosis

Question 30

A 35 year old female suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:

Answer 30

Distortion

Question 31

Fat cells are located in the:

Answer 31

Hypodermis

Question 32

A 13 year old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary skin provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. These lesions are referred to as:

Answer 32

Nevi