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Grammar (Latin) > Challenge A,B, I - Latin > Flashcards

Challenge A,B, I - Latin Flashcards

0
Q
  1. Gender
A

There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter

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1
Q
  1. Nouns
A

Have gender, number, case, and declension

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2
Q
  1. All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine
A

.

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3
Q
  1. All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine
A

.

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4
Q
  1. The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from the vocabularies
A

.

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5
Q
  1. Number
A

There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural

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6
Q
  1. Singular
A

Speaks of one: via, a road

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7
Q
  1. Plural
A

Speaks of more than one: viae, roads

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8
Q
  1. Case
A

There are six cases in Latin

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9
Q
  1. Nominative
A

The case of the subject

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10
Q
  1. Genitive
A

The case of the possessor

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11
Q
  1. Dative
A

The case of the indirect object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ case

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12
Q
  1. Accusative
A

The case of the direct object

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13
Q
  1. Ablative
A

The ‘by-with-from’ case [Used frequently with prepositions]

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14
Q
  1. Vocative
A

The case of the person addressed

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15
Q
  1. Declension
A

Declension consists in adding the proper endings to the stem to show the different genders, number, and cases

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16
Q
  1. Stem
A

The stem is found by dropping the ending of the genitive singular
vi-ae, stem: vi-

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17
Q
  1. How to decline a noun
A

The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.

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18
Q
  1. a.) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.
A

.

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19
Q
  1. d.)Names of towns, and domus (home), and rūs (country), have another case - the locative - expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is like the genitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Carthāgine (Carthāgō, Carthāginis), at Carthage. but rūs (country), has rūrī or rūre (in the country).
A

.

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20
Q
  1. The five declensions
A

There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular.

1: -ae, vi-ae
2: -ī, serv-ī
3: -is, lēg-is
4: -ūs, port-ūs
5: -eī, r-eī

21
Q
  1. b.)The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave!
    Exceptions: proper nouns in - ius and fīlius (son), have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc, Vergilī; fīlius, voc, fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus (God) is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī; fīlī mī! (my son!)
22
Q
  1. c.)The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative
23
Q
  1. a.) First declension gender
A

All nouns naming individual male persons are masculine. Nauta, ae, (a sailor), masculine. [sailors are usually men]

24
Q

33 b.) First declension gender

A

All others are feminine

Terra, ae, (land), feminine

25
Q
  1. Masculine nouns of the second declension: Gender
A

Generally masculine

26
Q
  1. Masculine nouns of the second declension: note
A

Proper names in -ius and fīlius, (son), form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī

27
Q
  1. The first declension
A

SINGULAR
FORM MEANING USE
Nom. terr-a land, the (a) land subject
Gen. terr-ae of the (a) land possessive
Dat. terr-ae to or for the (a) land indirect object
Acc. terr-am the (a) land direct object
Abl. terr-ā by, with, from the (a) land

                                      PLURAL
              FORM                MEANING                          USE Nom.    terr-ae             lands, the lands                    subject Gen.     terr-ārum         of the lands                          possessive Dat.      terr-īs               to or for the lands                indirect object Acc.     terr-ās              lands, the lands                   direct object Abl.      terr-īs               by, with, from the lands
28
Q

All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the first declension

29
Q

The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case

30
Q

A finite verb agrees with its subject in number (and person)

31
Q

The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative case

32
Q

The verb usually stands last in the sentence

33
Q

Adverbs usually stand immediately before the word they modify

34
Q

The possessive case and many English of- phrases are translated by the genitive

35
Q

All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -ī belong to the second declension

36
Q

All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like vellum

37
Q

In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative

38
Q
  1. Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
A

SINGULAR
FORM MEANING USE
Nom. serv-us slave, the (a) slave subject
Gen. serv-ī of the slave, the slave’s possessive
Dat. serv-ō to or for the slave indirect object
Acc. serv-um the slave direct object
Abl. serv-ō by, with, from the slave

                                      PLURAL
              FORM                MEANING                          USE Nom.    serv-ī                  the slaves                               subject Gen.     serv-ōrum         of the slaves, the slaves'       possessive Dat.      serv-īs              to or for the slaves               indirect object Acc.      serv-ōs             the slaves                               direct object Abl.      serv-īs              by, with, from the slaves
39
Q
  1. Neuter Nouns of the Second Declension
A

SINGULAR
FORM MEANING USE
Nom. bell-um war, the (a) war. subject
Gen. bell-ī of the war possessive
Dat. bell-ō to or for the war indirect object
Acc. bell-um the war direct object
Abl. bell-ō by, with, from the war

                                      PLURAL
              FORM                MEANING                          USE Nom.    bell-a                  the wars                             subject Gen.     bell-ōrum           of the wars                       possessive Dat.      bell-īs                to or for the wars               indirect object Acc.      bell-a.               the wars                              direct object Abl.      bell-īs                by, with, from the wars
40
Q
  1. Neuter nouns of the second declension: Gender
A

All neuter ( there are no exceptions)

41
Q
  1. Neuter nouns of the second declension: Note
A

The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, the singular Nom. Bellum, acc. Bellum; plural Nom. Bella, acc. Bella

42
Q
  1. Vir, virī, (man) and words like ager, agrī (field) and puer, puerī (boy), belong to the second declension. (note the genetive in ī) they are declined like servus except in the nominative (and vocative) singular Thus: (see rules 41 - 43)
43
Q 
41. vir
vir-ī
vir-ō
vir-um
vir-ō
vir-ī
vir-ōrum
vir-īs
vir-ōs
vir-īs
44
Q 
42. ager
agr-ī
agr-ō
agr-um
agr-ō
agr-ī
agr-ōrum
agr-īs
agr-ōs
agr-īs.
45
Q 
43. puer
puer-ī
puer-ō
puer-um
puer-ō
puer-ī
puer-ōrum
puer-īs
puer-ōs
puer-īs
46
Q
  1. Dues, ī, (God) shows peculiarities in the bracketed forms. The vocative singular is Deus.
                   singular                   plural Nom.               deus                    [di] (deī, diī) Gen.                  deī                      deōrum [(deūm)] Dat.                   deō                      [dīs] (deīs, diīs) Acc.                   deum                  deōs Abl.                    deō.                     [dīs] (deīs, [diīs])

the forms in the parentheses occur in some writers

47
Q

The indirect object is put in the Dative case.

48
Q

And latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.

49
Q

In vocabulary study always learn what case a preposition governs.

50
Q

After a linking verb the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject

51
Q

Forms of the verb sum may stand anywhere in the sentence

Grammar (Latin) (1 decks)

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