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MLS > Chain Of infection > Flashcards

Chain Of infection Flashcards

0
Q

Examples or Protozoa.

A

Amoebiasis, Malaria, Giardia, Taxoplasmosia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

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1
Q

Single-called organisms with well-defined nucleus.

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

A type of diarrheic illness.

A

Amoebiasis.

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3
Q

What causes Amoebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica.

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4
Q

Feeding stage of entamoeba: when there are red blood cells engulfed. They cling to the digestive tract.

A

Entamoeba hystolytica trophozoite.

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5
Q

Infective stage: seen with Entamoeba dispar(excreted through digestion).

A

Entamoeba hystolytica cyst.

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6
Q

A mosquito-borne disease and one of the top 3 infectious diseases in the world.

A

Malaria.

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7
Q

Malaria is caused by?

A

Plasmodium. (Falciparum,vivax, malariae, ovale).

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8
Q

Top infectious diseases of the world: ?

A 
Malaria
Tuberculosis 
HIV
Dysentery-bloody diarrhea
Giardiasis
Taxoplasmosis
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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9
Q

An infection of the upper small intestine by Giardia lamblia.

A

Giardiasis.

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10
Q

Caused by Taxoplasma Gondii and transmitted to humans by cats and undercooked meat.
May cause fatal death in pregnant women.

A

Taxoplasmosis.

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11
Q

Often fatal and usually seen in patients with compromised mine system such as those with HIV.

A

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia.

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12
Q

Non-motile, filamentous organism that causes diseases which are hard to treat.

A

Fungi.

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13
Q

Examples of diseases caused by Fungi.

A

Histoplasmosis and Candidiasis.

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14
Q

Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and is transmitted by inhaling dust from soil that contains bird droppings. Commonly affects the lungs.

A

Histoplasmosis.

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15
Q

Caused by Candida albicans transmitted by contact with infected patients and carriers.
Causes lesions on the skin or mucus membranes, including thrush and vulvovaginitis.

A

Candidiasis.

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16
Q

Single-celled organisms without nucleus.

A

Bacteria.

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17
Q

Examples of diseases caused by bacteria:

A

Tuberculosis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea an other vaccine-preventable diseases.

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18
Q

A chronic lung disease and a major cause of disability in many parts of the world and caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculosis.

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19
Q

Are considered as the most widespread std.

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

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20
Q

Genus of bacteria found in the cells of lice, ticks, fleas and mites. Smaller that most bacteria and share some characteristics of viruses.

A

Rickettsia.

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21
Q

Types of typhus and carriers:

A

Epidemic typhus- louse-borne typhus by Rickettsia prowazekii.

Murine typhus- cause by Rickettsia typhi. Carried by cat or cat flea.

Scrub typhus- caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi.

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22
Q

Infectious agents without genes. Causes severe damage to the brain.

A

Prions.

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23
Q

Prion diseases in animals:

A

TME - transmissible Mink Encephalophy

CWD- Chronic Wasting Disease

BSE- Bovine Spongiform Encephalophy

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24
Q

Prions diseases in humans:

A

CJD-Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

GSS

FFI

25
Q

Usual habitat where etiologic agent lives and multiplies.

A

Reservoir.

26
Q

Reservoirs may be:

A

Human
Animals
Environment

27
Q

People infected with an etiologic agent who has not develop the develop diseases began transmitting the agent to others.

A

Incubatory infections.

28
Q

People infected with an etiologic agent but will not develop diseases began transmitting to others.

A

In apparent infections.

29
Q

People infected who developed disease but was healed to continue to transmit for weeks and months.

A

Convalescent carriers.

30
Q

People infected by agent who developed disease healed to continue transmit the agents for years or longer.

A

Chronic carriers.

31
Q

Mode of transmission:

A

Direct Transmission

Indirect Transmission

32
Q

Indirect Transmission:

A

Animate mechanisms - living vectors.

Inanimate mechanisms- non living vectors.

33
Q

Portal of Entry:

A

Enteral Route- alimentary canal

Parental route- not alimentary canal.

34
Q

Susceptibility is affected by:

A

Genetic factors
General resistance
Immunity

35
Q

Sages of infectious diseases:

A 
Incubation stage
Prodromal stage
Acute stage 
Declining stage 
Convalescent stage.
36
Q

Susceptibility?

A

Likelihood of being infected by an etiological agent.

37
Q

Susceptibility is affected by:

A

Genetic factors
Genetic resistance
Immunity

38
Q

It’s the silent stage. Length depends on the etiological agent.

A

Incubation Stage.

39
Q

First sign and symptom occurs.

A

Prodromal Stage.

40
Q

Disease reaches it’s highest point of development.

A

Acute Stage.

41
Q

When symptoms start to subside

A

Declining Stage.

42
Q

Symptoms neatly vanished.

A

Convalescent stage.

43
Q

SARS’ virus?

A

Corona virus. (SARS-CoV)

44
Q

SARS is spread through?

A

Formites, droplets and Airborne.

45
Q

Treatment of SARS?

A

Supportive Therapy. No med for virus.

46
Q

Antibody also known as

A

Immunoglobulin (Ig G. A. M. D. E)

47
Q

HAV virus

A

Picorna virus.

48
Q

HBV virus.

A

Hepadna-virus

49
Q

HCV virus.

A

Filo virus.

50
Q

HDV virus.

A

Hepad-na virus

51
Q

HEV virus

A

Not classified.

52
Q

HAV and HEV are spread through.

A

Fecal/oral

53
Q

HAV

A

Hepatitis A:

Single stranded RNA

Picornaviridea

Through direct contact/ ingestion of contaminated food /water

Abrupt
Replicates in liver and shed in stool
Declines after jaundice appear
No chronic carrier
No treatment 
Curable
54
Q

HEV

A

Hep E
No chronic carriers
No treatment
Curable.

55
Q

HBV, HC and HDV.

A

Spread sexually
Chronic carriers
There’s treatment - not enough to destroy virus.
Fatal:dysfunction of liver.

56
Q

Cancer of the liver?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

57
Q

HDV

A

In the form of DNA strand.
Capable of destroying liver more.
Suffer more severe signs and symptoms.
Common sign: Jaundice (areas of body becoming icteric)

58
Q

Bilirubin

A

Contains yellow pigments derived from the breakdown of red blood cells.

59
Q

AIDS

A

Opportunistic infection.

Has already a fungal infection.

60
Q

In AIDS, lymph glands do what?

A

Shows the degree of infection.

61
Q

3 commonly used blood tests to assess liver function:

A

Bilirubin
ALT-alanine aminotransferase
AST- aspartate aminotransferase

MLS (1 decks)

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