CHAIN OF INFECTION

Question 1

Cite the 6 chain of infection

Answer 1

pathogen/ infectious agent,
reservoir,
portal exit,
mode of transmission,
portal of transmission,
portal entry,
susceptible host

Question 2

Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that can cause infectious disease.

Answer 2

pathogen/ infectious agent

Question 3

The host in which infectious agents live, grow, and multiply.

Example: Humans, animals, and the environment.

Answer 3

Reservoir

Question 4

Examples of this are a person with a common cold, a dog with rabies, or standing water with bacteria.

Answer 4

Reservoir

Question 5

The route by which an infectious agent ESCAPES or leaves the reservoir.

Answer 5

Portal of Exit

Question 6

In humans, it’s typically a mucous membrane or other opening in the skin

Answer 6

Portal of Exit

Question 7

This is a chain of infection, for example, pathogens that cause respiratory diseases usually escape through a person’s nose or mouth.

Answer 7

Portal of Exit

Question 8

The way in which an infectious agent travels to other people and places because they cannot travel on their own.

Answer 8

Mode of Transmission

Question 9

This is a chain of infection which includes contact, droplet, or airborne transmission.

Answer 9

Mode of Transmission

Question 10

This is a Mode of Transmission. For example, touching sheets with drainage from one person’s infected wound and then touching another person without washing one’s hands is an example of ?

Answer 10

contact transmission

Question 11

Site the DIRECT Modes of Transport

Answer 11

Airborne,
droplet,
contact (e.g., skin),
bite,
needlestick or sharps injury

Question 12

Site the INDIRECT Modes of Transport

Answer 12

Fomites – contaminated equipment or medication (multidose vials, single dose vials),
vectors,
food,
water

Question 13

How a pathogen moves from reservoir to susceptible host.

Answer 13

Mode of Transmission

Question 14

The route by which an infectious agent ENTERS a new host.

Answer 14

Portal of Entry

Question 15

An example of this is a chain of infection, mucous membranes, skin breakdown, and artificial openings in the skin created for the insertion of medical equipment (such as intravenous lines).

Answer 15

Portal of Entry

Question 16

This is a chain of infection. A person is at elevated risk for developing an infection when exposed to an infectious agent due to changes in their immune system defenses.

Answer 16

Susceptible Host

Question 17

An example of this is a chain of infection, infants (up to 2 years old) and older adults (aged 65 or older) are at higher risk for developing infections due to underdeveloped or weakened immune systems.

Answer 17

Susceptible Host

Question 18

Anyone with chronic medical conditions (such as diabetes) are also at higher risk of developing an infection.

Question 19

If an individual’s immune system successfully fights off the infectious agent, they may not develop an infection, but instead the person may become an asymptomatic ___ who can spread the infectious agent to another susceptible host.

Answer 19

“carrier” kaya mag-mask ka pa rin