Ch.9 Key Terms Flashcards
Demography
the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.
Age Structure
The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages
Survivorship
the graphic representation of the number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to any specific age.
Fertility Rate
the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year.
Migration
seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Life Expectancy
the amount of time a member of a species can expect to live, is not characteristic of species, but of populations.
Demographic Transitions
based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Arable Land
any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.
Urbanization
the population shift from rural to urban areas, the decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
Least Developed Countries
a list of developing countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world.
