ch9 group behavior Flashcards
group is defined as…
two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives
formal groups
those defined by the organizations structure
informal groups
alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined
social identity theory
considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups.
people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because…
their self-esteem gets tied into the performance of the group
social identities help us…
understand who we are
and where we fit in with people
the downside of social identities is that they encourage In-group favoritism which…
occurs when we see members of our group as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same
if there is an in-group, by necessity there is an outgroup
Social Identity Threat
Individuals believe they will be personally negatively evaluated due to their association with a devalued group, and they may lose confidence and performance effectiveness
role
a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
role perception
ones perception of how to act in a given situation
role expectations
how others believe one should act in a given situation
role conflict
situation in which an individual faces divergent role expectations
interrole conflict
when the expectations of our different, separate groups are in opposition
norms
acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the groups members
status
a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
status characteristic theory
status is derived from one of three sources
- the power a person wields over others
- a persons ability to contribute to a groups goals
- an individuals personal characteristics
status and norms
- high status individuals often have more freedom to deviate from norms
- high status people are also better able to resist conformity pressures
status and group interaction
high status people are often more assertive
status inequity
perceived inequity creates disequilibrium and can lead to resentment and corrective behavior
-large differences in status within groups is also associated with poorer individual performance, lower health, and higher intentions to leave the group
status and stigmatization
-studies show that people who are stigmatized against can infect others with their stigma
this is called the “stigma by association” effect
the “stigma by association” effect
can result in negative opinions and evaluations of the person affiliated with the stigmatized individual
