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GIS > Ch.9-12 > Flashcards

Ch.9-12 Flashcards

1
Q

NOAA

NASA

MSS-

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Established in 1958, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Multi Spectral Scanner abroad Landsat 1-5

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2
Q

SPOT-

EROS-

A

Satellite Pour I’Observation de la Tierra

Earth resources Observation Science center, Souix Falls South Dakota. Downlink for satellite imagery.

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3
Q

UV-

IR-

A

Ultraviolet light- .01-.4 micrometers

Infrared .7- 100 micrometers\

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4
Q

NIR-

MIR-

TIR

A

Near infrared - .7- 1.3 micrometers (satellite remote sensing)

Middle Infrared 1.3- 3.0 micrometers (water content)

Thermal Infrared 3- 14 micrometers (heat sources)

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5
Q

NDVI-

A

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, measures health of vegetation using NIR and Red Energy measurements.

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6
Q

EOS-

A

Nasa’s Earth Observation System mission Program

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7
Q

Terra

A

MOPITT,
MODIS,
ASTER
1999- Flagship, 5 sensors , purpose is to measure the process involved with Earths Land and Climate

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8
Q

Aqua

A 
MODIS,
 AMSU-A,
 AIRS, 
AMSR-E 
2002, 6 sensors, examine multiple facets of earth water cycle
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9
Q

Arura

A 
HSB
HIRDLS
TES
OMI
2009, 4 sensors, examine elements in air and earths chemistry.
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10
Q

WAAS-

A

Wide Area Augmentation System

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11
Q

What is Sputnik

A

first man made satellite to achieve orbit around earth.

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12
Q

What was the name of the first U.S. remote sensing satellite?

A

Corona

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13
Q

What is an example of a geostationary satellite?

A

WAAS, EGNOS

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14
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of satellite sensors?

A

Spatial resolution
radiometric resolution
temporal resolution,
and spectral resolution.

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15
Q

What year was the first Landsat launched?
the last?
What was the number of the last Landsat launched?

A

1972
Feb 13, 2013
8

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16
Q

What happened to landsat 6?

What failed on landsat 7?

A

it launched in 1993, failed to achieve orbit and was lost

the SLC(scan line indicator), causes missing data

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17
Q

Name 2 for profit companies that operate remote sensing satellites-

A

Glovis

Landsat Look

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18
Q

What is an example of Active remote sensing?

A

an active sensor is a radar instrument used for measuring signals transmitted by the sensor that were reflected, refracted, or scattered by earth surface or its atmosphere.

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19
Q

What is passive remote sensing?

A

can only be used when naturally occurring energy is present.

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20
Q

Two units used when measuring wavelengths?

What 3 colors do we see

A

Meters, Micrometers

red,Blue, Green

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21
Q

What three things can happen to electromagnetic energy when it hits a target on the ground?

A

Transmission
Absorption
Spectral reflectance

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22
Q

How does energy that is sensed in remote sensing become an image for us to view and analyze?

A

Spectral Signature

it reflects back in its own unique form

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23
Q

Three key satellites to the EOS-

A

Terra, Aura, Aqua

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24
Q

What is blue marble -

A

showing the entire earth from space.

25
Q

Visable Earth-

A

A website operated by NASA to distribute EOS images and animations of eos satellites or databases

26
Q

World Wind-

A

the global system of paths and rows that is used to identify what area on Earth’s surface is present in which Landsat scene.

27
Q

A-Train-

A

another term for the Afternoon Constellation

28
Q

Incident energy

A

total amount of energy (per wavelength) that interacts with an object

29
Q

Spectral reflectance-

A

% of the total incident energy that was reflected from that surface

30
Q

Spectral signature-

A

a unique identifier for a particular item, generated by charting the percentage of reflected energy per wavelength against a value for that wavelength

31
Q

Brightness value-

A

energy measured at a single pixel according to a pre-determined scale.

32
Q

Atmospheric windows-

A

those wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in which most of the energy passes through Earth’s atmosphere

33
Q

Rayleigh scattering-

A

scattering of light caused by atmospheric particles smaller than the wavelength being scattered

34
Q

Mie scattering-

A

scattering of light caused by atmospheric particles the same size as the wavelength being scattered

35
Q

Nonselective scattering-

A

scattering of light caused by atmospheric particles larger than the wavelength being scattered

36
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum-

A

light energy wavelengths and the properties associated with them.

37
Q

Visible spectrum-

A

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers.

38
Q

Wavelength-

A

the distance between the crests of two waves

39
Q

Swath width-

A

the width of the ground area the satellite is imaging as it passes over the Earth’s surface

40
Q

Near-polar orbit-

A

an orbital path close to the North and South poles that carries an object around Earth at an unvarying elevation.

41
Q

Geo-stationary orbit-

A

an orbit in which an object follows precisely the direction and speed of Earth’s rotation and is therefore always directly above the same point on Earth’s surface.

42
Q

Sun-synchronous orbit-

A

an orbital path set up so that the satellite crosses the same areas at the same local time.

43
Q

Across-track scanner-

A

a scanning method using a rotating mirror to collect data by moving the device back and forth across the width of the satellite’s swath.

44
Q

Along-track scanner-

A

a scanning method using a linear array to collect data directly on a satellite’s path

45
Q

Spatial resolution-

A

the size of the area on the ground being represented by one pixel’s worth of energy measurement.

46
Q

Radiometric resolution-

A

the degree of a sensor’s ability to determine fine differences in a band of energy measurements.

47
Q

Temporal resolution-

A

the length of time a sensor takes to come back and image the same location on the ground.

48
Q

Spectral resolution-

A

the bands and wavelengths measured by a sensor

49
Q

Pan-sharpening-

A

the technique of fusing a higher-resolution panchromatic band with lower-resolution multispectral bands to improve the clarity and detail seen in the image.

50
Q

Panchromatic-

A

black and white aerial imaging

51
Q

Hyperspectral sensor-

A

a sensor that can measure hundreds of different wavelength bands simultaneously.

52
Q

Principle point-

A

Center of the photograph

53
Q

Nadar Point

A

point directly below the observer

54
Q

Relief displacement-

A

shift in objects appearance caused by distance

55
Q

Orthophoto-

A

effects of relief displacement have been corrected

56
Q

Oblique photo-

A

photo taken at an angle

57
Q

Verticle photo-

A

photo taken at the nadir point

58
Q

tone-

site association -

pattern-

A

grey scale

location of an object based on the features near it.

physical arrangements of an object

59
Q

photoscale-

book method-

A

like mapscale, dependent on the focal length of the camera. determined by dividing distance on photo by distance in real life.

a= h/L

GIS (1 decks)

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