Ch.8

Question 1

What is a virus that infects bacteria?

Answer 1

Bacteriophage

Question 2

What is a monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base?

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

What is the model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder?

Answer 3

Double helix

Question 4

What is a rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine(A) always bonds with thymine(T) and guanine(G) always bonds with cytosine(C)?

Answer 4

Base pairing rules

Question 5

What is the process by which DNA is copied?

Answer 5

Replication

Question 6

What is the enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication?

Answer 6

DNA polymerases

Question 7

What is the theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins?

Answer 7

Central dogma

Question 8

What is a nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis?

Answer 8

RNA

Question 9

What is the process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA?

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

What is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

What is a form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis?

Hint: An intermediate message that is translator form a protein.

Answer 11

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 12

What is RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein: also used as a molecular clock, and forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories?

Answer 12

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 13

What is a form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis and brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein?

Answer 13

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 14

What is the process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced and is the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide?

Answer 14

Translation

Question 15

What is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid( a 3 nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid)?

Answer 15

Codon