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science8 > ch8 > Flashcards

ch8 Flashcards

0
Q

substance in which the solute dissolves

A

solvent

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1
Q

substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution.

A

solute

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2
Q

three ways substances can dissolve in water

A

dissociation dispersion ionization

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3
Q

for a solute to dissolve in water the solute and the solvent particles must what

A

attract each other

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4
Q

what must happen to the attractions that hold the solute together in the solvent together

A

these attractions must be overcome

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5
Q

The process in which an ionic compound separate into ions as it dissolves

A

dissociation

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6
Q

Break into small pieces that spread throughout the water

A

dispersion

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7
Q

The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons

A

ionization

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8
Q

what kind of change is dissolving by ionization

A

chemical

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9
Q

what are three physical properties of a solution that can differ from those of its solute and solvent

A

conductivity freezing point and boiling point

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10
Q

what happened to energy during the formation of a solution

A

it is either released or absorbed

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11
Q

what must happen to the attractions among solute particles and the attraction among solvent particles in order for a solution to form

A

attraction among particles must be broken

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12
Q

when an attraction is broken is energy released or absorbed

A

released

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13
Q

what are factors that affect the rate of dissolving

A

surface area stirring temperature

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14
Q

what happens when there is a greater surface area of a solid solute

A

there are more frequent collisions between the saw you in the solvent particles which results in a faster rate of dissolving

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15
Q

how can you increase the surface area of a solid

A

divided into smaller particles

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16
Q

what is stirring due to the particles in a solid

A

it moves the dissolved particles away from the surface and allows for more collisions between solute and solvent particles

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17
Q

what does increasing the temperature of the saw that causes particles to do

A

faster

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18
Q

what increases when you increase the temperature of the solvent

A

The number of collisions between particles and the energy of these collisions with solute particles

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19
Q

The maximum amount of solute the dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature

A

solubility

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20
Q

depending on the amount of solute in the solution how are solutions described as

A

unsaturated supersaturated or saturated

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21
Q

A solution that contains as much solute as the solvent that could hold at a given temperature

A

saturated solution

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22
Q

A solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved

A

unsaturated solution

23
Q

solution that contains more solute that I can normally hold at a given temperature

A

supersaturated

24
Q

what are three factors that affect the solubility of a solute

A

The polarity of the solvent temperature and pressure

25
Q

when is the formation of a solution most likely to happen

A

when the solute insolvent are either both polar or nonpolar

26
Q

when the temperature of the solvent increases is what happens to the solubility of a solid

A

solubility increases

27
Q

happens to the solubility of a gas which pressure is increased

A

The solubility is increased

28
Q

The amount of solute dissolved in a specified amount of solution

A

concentration

29
Q

what are three ways cogitation can be expressed as a percent by

A

volume percent by mass and molarity

30
Q

Number of moles of a solute dissolved per liter of solution

A

molarity

31
Q

A compound that produces hydronium ion is when dissolved in water

A

acid

32
Q

what are general properties of acids

A

sour taste reactivity with metal and ability to produce color changes in indicators

33
Q

what kind of reaction takes place between an acid and a metal

A

Single replacement

34
Q

any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base

A

indicator

35
Q

A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

A

base

36
Q

properties of bases

A

veteran taste and slippery feel and ability to produce color changes in indicators and usually do not react with metals

37
Q

what color does acid turn litmus paper

A

red

38
Q

what color do bases turn litmus paper

A

blue

39
Q

The reaction between an acid and a base

A

neutralization

40
Q

this is formed when negative ions in an acid because I’m at the positive ions in a base

A

Salt

41
Q

what does the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base make

A

Salt and water

42
Q

are acids proton donors or proton acceptors

A

donors

43
Q

are bases proton donors or proton acceptors

A

acceptors

44
Q

what number is defined as neutral on the pH scale

A

7

45
Q

A measure of its hydronium ion concentration

A

PH

46
Q

H3O+ ion concentration in a solution is greater when

A

the pH value is lower

47
Q

the H3O+ ion concentration in a solution is lower when

A

the pH value is higher

48
Q

what happened with strong acids dissolve in water

A

they ionize almost completely

49
Q

what happens to strong bases when in water

A

dissociate almost completely

50
Q

when weak acids or bases are put in water what happens

A

they ionize or dissociate only slightly

51
Q

The solutions tendency to form ions in water

A

strength

52
Q

A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH and can be prepared by mixing a weak acid and it’s salt or a weak base and it salt

A

buffer

53
Q

A substance that ionizes or dissociate into ions when dissolved in water

A

electrolyte

54
Q

why are strong acids or bases strong electrolytes

A

because they dissociate or ionize almost completely in water

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