CH7 textbook notes

Question 1

what are the three domains of theories of intelligence?

Answer 1

Factor models
Hierarchical models
Information processing models

Question 2

Who created the most influential factor model of intelligence?

Answer 2

Charles Spearman (1927)

Question 3

What did Charles Spearman propose in regards to intellectual activities?

Answer 3

Based on the intercorrelations among tests of sensory abilities he proposed that all intellectual activities share a common core called “g”

Question 4

What is fluid intelligence?

Answer 4

The ability to solve novel problems; Innate intellectual potential.

Question 5

What is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 5

What we have learned in life, both from formal education and general life experiences.

Question 6

Are measures of intellectual abilities perfectly correlated?

Answer 6

NOPE

Question 7

What did spearman postulate?

Answer 7

That there are a number of specific factors/S that are responsible for unique aspects in the performance of any given task.

Question 8

What was Spearman’s focus on s and g called?

Answer 8

Two-factor model

Question 9

What did Thurstone’s 1938 alternative to Spearman’s model propose?

Answer 9

• Low intercorrelations among many ability measures
• A group of factors known as primary mental abilities, including spatial, perceptual, numerical, memory, verbal, word, reasoning, deduction and induction abilities. All which overlap slightly called “g”

Question 10

How many factors are included in models of intelligence?

Answer 10

2 to well over 100

Question 11

What do hierarchical model theorists propose to reconcile the different models?

Answer 11

They proposed that there are a small number of main factors that are comprised of sub factors.

Question 12

Who was Raymond Cattell and what did he believe in regards to hierarchical models?

Answer 12

Cattell believed that existing intelligence tests were too focused on verbal school-based tasks. Therefore Cattell developed a test that assessed more perceptual aspects of intelligence.
-He proposed two general factors in intelligence. Fluid intelligence and Crystallized intelligence.

Question 13

What is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of intelligence?

Answer 13

-A combination of Cattell and Horn’s theoretical work and Carroll’s factor analytic work to create a unified theory.

Question 14

What is Sternberg’s 1985 triarchic theory?

Answer 14

-It involves three interrelated elements: componential, experiential, and contextual.

Question 15

What does the componential element of the triarchic theory deal with?

Answer 15

• The mental processes of planing, monitoring, and evaluating.(Referred to as executive functions).
• Performance, or the solving of a problem.
• Knowledge acquisition, including encoding, combining, and comparing information.

Question 16

What does the experiential element of the triarchic theory deal with?

Answer 16

-It addresses the influence of task novelty or unfamiliarity on the process of problem solving.

Question 17

What does the contextual element of the triarchic theory deal with?

Answer 17

-Involves three different ways of interacting with the environment: Adaptation, alteration of the environment, and selection of a different environment.

Question 18

What was Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence?

Answer 18

-He says there are multiple forms of intelligence, including linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinaesthetic, intrapersonal, naturalist, spiritual, existential, and moral.

Question 19

What is a continuous challenge in clinical psychology?

Answer 19

-Ensuring that psychological services are based on the best available research evidence.

Question 20

What is premorbid IQ?

Answer 20

-Intellectual functioning prior to an accident or the onset of a neurological decline.

Question 21

What are the three main Wechsler Intelligence Scales?

Answer 21

1. The Weschler adult intelligence scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)
   - Designed to assess individuals in the age range of 16-99 years.
2. The Weschler intelligence scale for children - fifth edition (WISC-V)
   - Designed to assess children and adolescents in the 6-16 age range.
3. The Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence – Fourth Edition (WPPSI - IV)
   - Designed to assess children in the range from 2 years 6months to 7 years 7 months.

Question 22

Why do we keep a focus on the Weschler intelligence scales and associated cognitive tests?

Answer 22

1. The weschler intelligence scales are the most commonly taught and used individually administered measures of intelligence.
2. Use of these scales allows for testing of people across almost the entire age range.
3. There are current versions of the three main scales that have been developed for use in Canada.
4. The past few decades these scales have been developed in ways that have drawn on contemporary research on intelligence and enhanced the quality of the scales psychometric properties and norms.

Question 23

What was the first test that Weschler developed in New York?

Answer 23

The Weschler-Belleuve Intelligence Scale 1939, the first individually administered intelligence test intended for use in general child and adult population.

Question 24

What does the Stanford Binet rely on for his test?

Answer 24

-Comparisons between the chronological age(CA) and the person’s mental age (MA-defined as the average age in the normative sample of those who achieved the same test score as the person.

Question 25

What is Full scale IQ?

Answer 25

The total score for an intelligence scale obtained by summing scores on verbal and non-verbal scales; usually referred to simply as the IQ.

Question 26

What is representativeness?

Answer 26

The extent to which a sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Question 27

What must we consider when making normative comparisons?

Answer 27

Age, Grade, Sex, Geographic Region, Ethnicity, and socio-economic status.

Question 28

How do we address the issues of norms?

Answer 28

Revisions to all Wechsler scales include now a Canadian standardization component.

Question 29

How do we measure EI?

Answer 29

Participants rate themselves on Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, stress management and adaptability scales. These create a total EI score.

Question 30

What is the Flynn Effect?

Answer 30

the observed trend that IQ scores in developed countries have increased over the past few decades.