CH7 Flashcards
When did the focus on learning disorders begin?
a) In the 19th century
b) In the latter half of the 20th century
c) In the 21st century
d) In the early 1900s
b) In the latter half of the 20th century
What is often referred to as one of the invisible disabilities?
a) Physical disabilities
b) Learning disabilities
c) Cognitive disorders
d) Emotional disorders
b) Learning disabilities
At what age or stage of life do some people discover the reasons for their academic or social struggles?
a) During childhood
b) In high school or college, or beyond
c) In middle school
d) At the age of five
b) In high school or college, or beyond
When are indicators of possible learning disabilities most commonly noticed?
a) In early adulthood
b) In the early years of school
c) In middle school
d) In high school
b) In the early years of school
Which activities are considered cognitively complex and often highlight learning disabilities?
a) Playing games
b) Learning to read, write, and do math
c) Engaging in physical activities
d) Listening to music
b) Learning to read, write, and do math
Who is most likely to notice a student’s lack of progress related to learning disabilities?
a) The student themselves
b) Parents
c) Peers and friends
d) Teachers
B and D
Learning disabilities can affect people of which of the following?
a) Only children
b) Only adults
c) People of all ages and walks of life
d) Only students in higher education
c) People of all ages and walks of life
What is one key characteristic of learning disabilities?
a) They are easily visible through appearance
b) They can be detected simply by behavior
c) They are often referred to as invisible disabilities
d) They are linked to physical disabilities
c) They are often referred to as invisible disabilities
What tends to bring concerns to the fore regarding learning disabilities?
a) Physical health issues
b) Cognitive complex activities such as learning to read, write, and do math
c) Family background
d) Social behavior
b) Cognitive complex activities such as learning to read, write, and do math
Why might a student not recognize their learning disabilities until later in life?
a) Learning disabilities are temporary
b) They may not notice struggles until they face academic challenges in high school or college
c) Learning disabilities only affect young children
d) Most people overcome their difficulties by middle school
b) They may not notice struggles until they face academic challenges in high school or college
In what environment is a lack of progress often first noticed in students with learning disabilities?
a) At home during free time
b) In early school years, especially when learning basic subjects
c) In social settings
d) During extracurricular activities
b) In early school years, especially when learning basic subjects
Which of the following is commonly used to identify a student’s struggles with learning disabilities?
a) Observing their physical strength
b) A student’s academic progress compared to others
c) A student’s appearance and behavior
d) The student’s ability to follow instructions
b) A student’s academic progress compared to others
A condition in which one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language are deficient.
Learning disability
When was the field of learning disabilities virtually unrecognized?
a) Before the 1940s
b) Before the 1960s
c) Before the 1980s
d) Before the 2000s
b) Before the 1960s
How are people with learning disabilities often considered in terms of intelligence?
a) They usually have below-average intelligence
b) They usually have average or near-average intelligence
c) They always have above-average intelligence
d) They have very high intelligence
b) They usually have average or near-average intelligence
Despite having average intelligence, individuals with learning disabilities typically struggle with which subjects?
a) History and geography
b) Reading and mathematics
c) Physical education
d) Art and music
b) Reading and mathematics
What does the term “learning disabilities” represent?
a) A specific set of conditions with uniform characteristics
b) A very heterogeneous group of conditions
c) Only severe disabilities
d) A condition that only affects children
b) A very heterogeneous group of conditions
How do learning disabilities present themselves in individuals?
a) With predictable and uniform symptoms
b) With a highly variable and complex set of characteristics and needs
c) Only with challenges in academic performance
d) Exclusively with behavioral issues
b) With a highly variable and complex set of characteristics and needs
What challenge do learning disabilities present to families and professionals?
a) They are easy to detect and treat
b) They are simple to manage in early education
c) They present a substantial challenge due to their variability and complexity
d) They are mainly an emotional issue
c) They present a substantial challenge due to their variability and complexity
What has been associated with learning disabilities since they have been recognized?
a) Controversy
b) Confusion
c) Universal acceptance
d) Polarization
A, B, and D
In the past, children now identified as having specific learning disabilities would have been labeled as all of the following except:
a) Remedial readers
b) Emotionally disturbed
c) Children with intellectual disabilities
d) Gifted students
d) Gifted students
What is considered a major element in most current definitions of learning disabilities?
a) Emotional instability
b) Delayed academic performance
c) Social behavior issues
d) Physical impairments
b) Delayed academic performance
What represents the largest single program for exceptional children in the US?
a) Special education for children with physical disabilities
b) Services related to learning disabilities
c) Early childhood education programs
d) Gifted and talented programs
b) Services related to learning disabilities
What percentage of students with disabilities were represented by those with learning disabilities in 1975?
a) 10 percent
b) 25 percent
c) 36 percent
d) 46 percent
b) 25 percent
What was the peak percentage of students with learning disabilities among all students with disabilities, and when did it occur?
a) 25 percent in 1985
b) 36 percent in 2014
c) 46 percent in 1999
d) 50 percent in 2005
c) 46 percent in 1999
By 2014, what percentage of students with disabilities were represented by those with learning disabilities?
a) 25 percent
b) 36 percent
c) 46 percent
d) 50 percent
b) 36 percent
What factor contributes to the considerable variation in the definitions of learning disabilities?
a) Lack of research
b) Inconsistent teaching methods
c) The field’s unique evolution
d) The uniformity of symptoms
c) The field’s unique evolution
Why is there inconsistency in the definitions of learning disabilities?
a) Different countries have different standards
b) Due to disagreements among parents and teachers
c) Due to the rapid growth and interdisciplinary nature of the field
d) Because learning disabilities are temporary
c) Due to the rapid growth and interdisciplinary nature of the field
What has contributed to confusing terminology in the field of learning disabilities?
a) Lack of professional consensus
b) The involvement of multiple disciplines
c) The simplicity of the conditions
d) Over-reliance on standardized testing
b) The involvement of multiple disciplines
A child with a brain injury is described as having which type of impairment?
a) Emotional disturbance
b) Organic impairment
c) Developmental delay
d) Attention deficit disorder
b) Organic impairment
A child with minimal brain dysfunction may show evidence of difficulties in all of the following except:
a) Language
b) Memory
c) Motor skills
d) Physical growth
d) Physical growth
What challenges does a child with minimal brain dysfunction often manifest?
a) Language
b) Impulse control difficulties
c) Memory
d) Motor Skills
All of the above
What does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 define “specific learning disability” as?
a) A physical disability affecting movement
b) A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language
c) An emotional disturbance affecting learning
d) A condition caused by environmental or economic disadvantages
b) A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language
Which of the following conditions is included under the term “specific learning disability” according to IDEA 2004?
a) Visual or hearing disabilities
b) Emotional disturbance
c) Dyslexia
d) Environmental disadvantages
c) Dyslexia
Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of “specific learning disability” under IDEA 2004?
a) Brain injury
b) Major dysfunction
c) Developmental aphasia
d) Perceptual disabilities
b) Major dysfunction; Minimal brain dysfunction siya
What does the IDEA 2004 definition specifically exclude from the term “specific learning disability”?
a) Children with speech impairments
b) Children with disabilities primarily resulting from visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, emotional disturbance, or intellectual disabilities
c) Children with only minor academic struggles
d) Children in low-income families
b) Children with disabilities primarily resulting from visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, emotional disturbance, or intellectual disabilities
What did the IDEA 2004 definition codify into federal law?
a) The creation of specialized learning environments
b) Legal focus on providing services for all children
c) Many of the concepts found in earlier descriptions of learning disabilities
d) The inclusion of all students with disabilities into general education
c) Many of the concepts found in earlier descriptions of learning disabilities
What was one of the key outcomes of the IDEA 2004 definition?
a) The end of special education programs
b) The establishment of legal guidelines for providing services to students with learning disabilities in public schools
c) The elimination of academic testing for students with disabilities
d) The introduction of a new standard for teacher training
b) The establishment of legal guidelines for providing services to students with learning disabilities in public schools
What is one reason why the IDEA definition of learning disabilities is considered ambiguous?
a) It does not include specific types of disabilities
b) It prescribes no clear way to measure a learning disability
c) It is only applicable to children in special education
d) It excludes children with mild learning difficulties
b) It prescribes no clear way to measure a learning disability
What does the IDEA definition describe learning disabilities as?
a) A temporary condition that can be fully overcome
b) A specific condition only related to reading difficulties
c) A generic term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders
d) A mental health issue unrelated to academics
c) A generic term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders
